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Period: 2900 BCE to 1150 BCE
Greek--Minoan
The Minoan Civilization was based on the island of Crete south of the mainland. They were a sea-based power ruled by kings and known for unique architecture and frescoes. -
Period: 2000 BCE to 1000 BCE
Nubian
This time frame is marked by the increasing influence of Egypt over Nubia. -
1900 BCE
Greek
Most likely time when the Greeks arrived on the mainland to begin building their eventually expansive empire. -
Period: 1600 BCE to 1150 BCE
Greek--Mycenaean
Located on the mainland, this civilization was composed of city-states ruled by kings and bureaucrats. -
1250 BCE
Greek
The city of Troy was sacked after the infamous Trojan Horse delivered her Greek passengers into the city center. -
Period: 1100 BCE to 750 BCE
Greek--Dark Ages
This period began just after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization. Iron working seemed to be a characteristic of this era, and it is referred to as the Early Iron Age. -
Period: 1000 BCE to 900 BCE
Nubian
The Kushite kingdom gains its independence from Egypt. -
Period: 751 BCE to 663 BCE
Nubian
Kushite Kings Piankhi and Taharqa rule all of Egypt right up to the shores of the Mediterranean. -
725 BCE
Greek
Homer was a famed Greek poet and the presumed creator of both epic poems the Illiad and the Odyssey. -
700 BCE
Greek
Hesiod was a Greek poet known as the father of didactic poetry. His two surviving works are Theogony and Works and Days about the Gods and peasant life, respectively. -
Period: 700 BCE to 500 BCE
Greek--Archaic
This stage of civilization was marked by expansive colonization from Greece to Asia Minor to southern Italy to the Black Sea. -
Period: 600 BCE to 200
Steppe peoples
The Scythians displaced the Cimmerians in the Ukraine area. They were similar to nomadic Iranian tribes until they settled between the Don and Volga rivers. -
Period: 560 BCE to 550 BCE
Sparta and Athens
The Spartans defeat Tegea after a long war. This marks the beginning of the Peloponnesian League, or the Spartan Alliance. When war, peace, or alliance was at issue, they gathered to discuss and decide. -
Period: 560 BCE to 546 BCE
Greek and Persian
Croesus of Lydia conquers Greek cities on Asia Minor, including Ionia. Later, the Lydians are conquered by Cyrus of Persia. Persia then controlled the Greek cities. -
Period: 508 BCE to 501 BCE
Athens and Sparta
A couple years after the deposing of Hippias, Chief Argon Cleistenes institutes changes in the government at Athens--he is considered the founder of Athenian democracy. -
Period: 500 BCE to 350 BCE
Greek--Classical
Considered the Golden Age of Ancient Greek civilization. The time period between 500 BCE and roughly 350 BCE was characterized by a more democratic government, polis rule controlled by aristocrats and tyrants. -
Period: 500 BCE to 330
Africa
This period is the height of the Meriotic Kingdom of Kush -
Period: 500 BCE to 500
Africa--Sudan
Nok culture flourishes on the Jos plateau in western Sudan -
Period: 499 BCE to 494 BCE
Greek and Persian
The Ionian Rebellion was an uprising that resulted in the overthrow of many of the Persian rulers. This revolt was also used as a pretext for Persian invasion of Greece in 490 inciting the Greco-Persian Wars. -
480 BCE
Greek and Persian
The Battles of Thermopylae, Artemisium, and Salamis were waged. -
480 BCE
Greek and Persian
God-King Xerxes, King of Kings, King of Persia, Pharaoh of Egypt leads a massive invasion of Greece. -
479 BCE
Greek and Persian
The Battles at Plataea and Mycale are waged. These were the two decisive defeats of the Persian juggernaut that resulted in the end of the Greco-Persian War. -
323 BCE
Hellenistic
The death of Alexander the Great marks the beginning of the Hellenistic period in Greece. -
Period: 323 BCE to 10 BCE
Hellenistic Greece
Alexander the Great spread Greek culture throughout the areas between Egypt and the Indus Valley. This period is marked by the decline of the polis and large monarchical states dominate the Greek world. The Hellenistic period begun with the death of Alexander the Great and ended when the Romans took the final Indo-Greek kingdom was conquered by Indo-Sakas -
Period: 305 BCE to 63 BCE
Hellenistic
The Seleucid Dynasty ruled in Mesopotamia and Northern Syria under Antiochus I. -
Period: 305 BCE to 30 BCE
Hellenistic
The Ptolemaic Dynasty ruled in Egypt, southern Syria, and was reaching for the Aegean under Ptolemy II Philadelphus -
Period: 295 BCE to 168 BCE
Hellenistic
The Antigonid Dynasty rules in Macedonia under the person Antigonus Gonatus -
Period: 247 BCE to 224
Steppe Peoples
The Parthian empire was founded by Arsaces I and eventually covered the area from the Caspian Sea to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Parthians were defeated then ruled by Ardashir I, ending the Parthian empire. -
Period: 100 to Apr 12, 1500
Africa--migration and diffusion era
Nilotic-speaking people spread over the Upper Nile valley and into the Rift valley region. -
Period: 200 to 400
Africa--Ethiopia
This period marks the heyday of Aksumite Ethiopia -
330
Africa
The Kushite empire finally falls to Elzana of Aksum -
400
Africa--Sudan
The kingdom of Ghana is beginning to become established between the Senegal and Niger rivers -
Period: 500 to Apr 12, 600
Africa--Nubian
This period marks when the major Nubian states of Maqurra and Alwa convert to Christianity as the dominant religion. -
Period: Apr 11, 700 to Apr 12, 900
Africa--Sudan
The Gao empire is situated northeast of Lake Chad. It was one of the oldest trading centers in West Africa, and it served as a major trans-Saharan route for African goods and slaves. -
Greek and Persian
The Battle of Marathon was a decisive victory for the Greeks over the dominant Persian conquerors. -
Ethiopia
The Yemenites from southern Arabia settle onto the Ethiopian plateau.
