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Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
derived from the French word meaning 'rebirth'. It is used to describe this phase of European history because many of the changes experienced between the 14th and 16th centuries were inspired by a revival of the classical art and intellect of Ancient Greece and Rome. -
1347
THE BLACK DEATH
one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1346 to 1353.[1][2][3] The bacterium Yersinia pestis, resulting in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause.[4] The plague created a series of religious, social, and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history. -
1452
BIRTH OF LEONARDO DA VINCI
Born out of wedlock to respected Florentine notary Ser Piero and a young peasant woman named Caterina, Leonardo DA Vinci was raised by his father and his stepmother. At the age of five, he moved to his father’s family estate in nearby Vinci, the Tuscan town,and lived with his uncle and grandparents.Young Leonardo received little formal education beyond basic reading, writing and mathematics instruction, but his artistic talents were evident from an early age. -
1503
rome golden age
this achievements made the Rome golden age so special and good to them . The Roman Empire's Religion Achievements in the Roman Empire Mosaic Art Architecture; Roads Architecture; -
1536
GREAT BOOK OF SURGERY
The first person to publish a book about medicine and how to treat your injuries so you don't have to go to the doctor all the time and also so you can study the medical field. -
1558
ELIZABETH TAKES THE THRONE
The Economy grows and the art flourish under her control in 1559, the Elizabethan Religious Settlement was enacted. In this legislation, Elizabeth was declared the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.This act also allowed for both Protestant and Catholic interpretations of church tradition.Due to her desire to unite her subjects under one throne,her reign is marked as a time of peace. During this peace,she encouraged self-sufficiency in England through the growth of agriculture and trade. -
1571
The battle of lepanto
was a naval engagement taking place on October 7th, 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, of which the Venetian Empire and the Spanish Empire were the main powers, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras, where the Ottoman forces sailing westwards from their naval station in Lepanto (the Venetian name of ancient Naupactus Ναύπακτος, Ottoman İnebahtı) met the fleet of the Holy League sailing east from Messina, Sicily. -
Period: to
AGE OF ABSOLUTISM
describes a period of European history in which monarchs successfully gathered the wealth and power of the state to themselves. Louis XIV is the poster image of the absolute monarch. When he said "L'etat c'est moi" (I am the state) he was to a great extent correct. France was powerful and prosperous and represented that which all European monarchs aspired to. -
charles got executed
As a leader of the New Model Army in the second English civil war, Cromwell helped repel the Royalist invasion of Scotland, and in 1646 Charles surrendered to a Scottish army. In 1648, Charles was forced to appear before a high court controlled by his enemies, where he was convicted of treason and sentenced to death. Early in the next year, he was beheaded. -
Hobbes publishes leviathan
bout the relationship between the government and the individual. More than four centuries old, this brilliant yet ruthless book analyzes not only the bases of government but also physical nature and the roles of man. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals like liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state. -
Peter the great
hrough a number of successful wars he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, westernized, and based on The Enlightenment.[1] Peter's reforms made a lasting impact on Russia and many institutions of Russian government trace their origins to his reign. -
James flees to France
eemingly devoid of any support, James sent the Queen and Prince James Edward to France on December 9th. He followed them one day later but was recognised at Faversham, Kent and sent back to London. On December 23rd, William allowed James to make a second and successful escape to France. James landed at Ambleteuse, Pays de Calais, on Christmas Day 1688. -
Locke publishes two treaties on government
In Two Tracts on Government, written in 1660, Locke defends a very conservative position; however Locke never published it.In 1669 Locke co-authored the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which endorses aristocracy, slavery and serfdom. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
was largely confined to Britain. Aware of their head start, the British forbade the export of machinery, skilled workers, and manufacturing techniques. -
Montesquieu published Persian letters
is a literary work, written in 1721, by Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu, recounting the experiences of two Persian noblemen, Usbek and Rica, who are traveling through France. -
Peter the great dies
peter the Great, emperor of Russia, dies and is succeeded by his wife, Catherine. people were sad because their great leader has fallen or aka died -
beccaria published on crimes and punishments
he book's serious message is put across in a clear and animated style, based in particular upon a deep sense of humanity and of urgency at unjust suffering. This humane sentiment is what makes Beccaria appeal for rationality in the laws. -
The first shot fired
The first shots were fired just after dawn in Lexington, Massachusetts the morning of the 19th, the "Shot Heard Round the World." The colonial militia, a band of 500 men, were outnumbered and initially forced to retreat. -
Period: to
American Revolution
Much more than a revolt against British taxes and trade regulations, the American Revolution was the first modern revolution. It marked the first time in history that a people fought for their independence in the name of certain universal principles such as rule of law, constitutional rights, and popular sovereignty -
America declares its independence
By issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. The Declaration summarized the colonists’ motivations for seeking independence. By declaring themselves an independent nation, the American colonists were able to confirm an official alliance with the Government of France and obtain French assistance in the war against Great Britain. -
winter of change for the continental army
During 1777, Patriot forces under General Washington suffered major defeats against the British at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown; Philadelphia,the capital of the United States, fell into British hands. The particularly severe winter a great trial for the American army, and of the 11,000 soldiers stationed at Valley Forge, hundreds died from disease. However,the suffering troops were held together by loyalty to the Patriot cause and to General Washington, who stayed with his men. -
France enters the war against Britian
French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war. Motivated by a long-term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War, France began secretly sending supplies in 1775. Spain and the Netherlands joined France, making it a global war in which the British had no major allies. France incurred a debt of over 1 billion livres. -
Treaty of paris officially end state of war
The Treaty of Paris of 1783,negotiated between the United States and Great Britain,ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence.The Continental Congress named a five member commission to negotiate a treaty John Adams, Benjamin Franklin,John Jay,Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens. Laurens, however, was captured by a British warship and held in the Tower of London until the end of the war, and Jefferson did not leave the United States in time to take part in the negotiations. -
GREAT FEAR
a period of riot by peasants-others amid rumors of an “aristocratic conspiracy” by the king and the privileged to overthrow the third Estate.The gathering of troops around Paris provoked insurrection,on July14 the Parisian rabble seized the Bastille. In the provinces the peasants rose against their lords,attacking chateaus, destroying feudal documents.the National Constituent Assembly decreed the abolition of the feudal regime,introduced the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. -
Period: to
FRENCH REVOLUTION
The Revolution was originally a popular uprising against the absolute power of the king and against the privileges and wealth of the elite, and was perpetrated in the name of liberty, equality and fraternity. In reality it led to the loss of liberty, dictatorship and nationalism. The revolution was based on a hatred of tradition and desire to use the power of the state to create a new order. People were given new identities as citizens of the state. -
Thomas Paine's rights of man
including 31 articles, posits that popular political revolution is permissible when a government does not safeguard the natural rights of its people. Using these points as a base it defends the French Revolution against Edmund Burke's attack in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790).[1] It was published in two parts in March 1791 and February 1792.[2] -
regin of terror
Its purpose was to purge France of enemies of the Revolution, protect the country from foreign invaders.From January 1793-July 1794, In the course of nine months, 16, 000 people were guillotined, but executions of those labeled "internal enemies" of France took place throughout the country.During this time there was a shift in power within the committee from Danton to Robespierre. Danton had a strong physical presence and was an incredible public speaker, while Robespierre was less passionate. -
Period: to
NAPOLEONIC ERA
the TIME WHEN NAPOLEONIC RULED THE WORLD AND WAS EMPEROR -
Renewed war with britian
had been renewed and the Napoleonic Wars had begun. Britain was primarily a naval power whilst Napoleonic France was a land based power. -
NAPOLEON CROWNS HIS SELF KING
establish legitimacy of his imperial reign, with its new royal family and new nobility. Therefore, he designed a new coronation ceremony that was unlike the ceremony used for the kings of France. ... Napoleon's was a sacred ceremony held in the great cathedral in the presence of Pope Pius VII. -
treaty of tilsit
After the battle of friedland, where napoleon defeated the Russian, Alexander of Russia negotiated this treaty that would bring peace to Russia -
Russian campaign
the French invasion of Russia,known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 and in France as the Russian Campaign,began on 24 June 1812 when Napoleon's Grande Armée crossed the Neman River in an attempt to engage and defeat the Russian army.Napoleon hoped to compel Tsar Alexander I of Russia to cease trading with British merchants through proxies in an effort to pressure the United Kingdom to sue for peace.Official political aim of the campaign was to liberate Poland from the threat of Russia. -
Napoleon escaped from elba
In 1814, Napoleon’s broken forces gave up and Napoleon offered to step down in favor of his son. When this offer was rejected, he abdicated and was sent to Elba. In March 1815, he escaped his island exile and returned to Paris, where he regained supporters and reclaimed his emperor title, Napoleon I, in a period known as the Hundred Days. -
British and Prussians defeat napoleon
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday, 18 June 1815, near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. A French army under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by two of the armies of the Seventh Coalition: a British-led Allied army under the command of the Duke of Wellington, and a Prussian army under the command of Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prince of Wahlstatt. -
Napoleon capture by british
The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition, which defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in June. The British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic and he tried to escape to the united state but it didn't work out for him. -
Napoleon dies
Napoleon was subsequently exiled to the island of Saint Helena off the coast of Africa. Six years later, he died, most likely of stomach cancer, and in 1840 his body was returned to Paris, where it was interred in the Hotel des Invalides. -
Alexander graham
With the help of Thomas A. Watson, a Boston machine shop employee, Bell developed a prototype. In this first telephone, sound waves caused an electric current to vary in intensity and frequency, causing a thin, soft iron plate–called the diaphragm–to vibrate. These vibrations were transferred magnetically to another wire connected to a diaphragm in another, distant instrument. When that diaphragm vibrated, the original sound would be replicated in the ear of the receiving instrument. -
Thomas edison
Edison then resorted to a carbon-based, high-resistance, filament. One year later in October 1879 Edison successfully tested a filament that burned for 13.5 hours. Continuing to improve his design, by November 1879, he filed for a U.S. patent for an electric lamp using “a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected … to platina contact wires”. The filament was made from a piece of carbonized thread. -
The Brooklyn bridge opens
After 14 years,27 deaths while being constructed, the Brooklyn Bridge over the East River is opened, connecting the great cities of New York and Brooklyn for the first time in history. Thousands of residents of Brooklyn and Manhattan Island turned out to witness the dedication ceremony, which was presided over by President Chester A. Arthur and New York Governor Grover Cleveland. Designed by the late John A. Roebling, the Brooklyn Bridge was the largest suspension bridge ever built to that date. -
First airplane
Buoyant over the success of their 1902 glider, the Wright brothers were no longer content to merely add to the growing body of aeronautical knowledge; they were going to invent the airplane. Still, they recognized that much hard work lay ahead, especially the creation of a propulsion system. During the spring and summer of 1903, they were consumed with leaping that final hurdle into history. -
Henry ford creates the model t
he Model T, also known as the “Tin Lizzie,” changed the way Americans live, work and travel. Henry Ford’s revolutionary advancements in assembly-line automobile manufacturing made the Model T the first car to be affordable for a majority of Americans. For the first time car ownership became a reality for average American workers, not just the wealthy,More than 15 million Model Ts were built in Detroit and Highland Park, Michigan
