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Charles Darwin
Challenged the idea that a higher being created life. Propose Life changes over time through natural selection -
Gregor Mendel
Through his work on pea plants discover traits were passed on from
parents through “factors”. There was a question.What are
these factors? -
Friedrich Miescher
Friedrich Miescher discovered DNA itself through his studying of white blood cells when after the experiment there’s was snotty gray stuff of biological substance he called nucleic but didn’t know it’s role or what it look like -
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
These man are known for the George Beadle and Edward Tatum experiment as it proved that genes are responsible for giving the directions needed to produce enzymes that control metabolic processes. -
Erwin Chargaff
Chargaff discovered the pairing Rules of DNA letters, noticing that A Matches to T, and C to G. -
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Used bacteriophage (a virus) to prove that DNA
was the hereditary material -
Rosalind Franklin
She was crucial as she contributed to the solution of the structure of DNA as her images X-rays of DNA put Watson and Crick towards the right structure -
Linus Pauling
He led the way in working out the structure of biological
molecules. He suggested that DNA was a triple helix. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
They discover the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Not triple. -
Maurice Wilkins
Maurice Wilkins initiated the experimental research into DNA that culminated in Watson and Crick’s discovery of its structure in 1953. -
The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission extended workplace protections under the Americans with Disabilities Act to cover discrimination based on genetic information. -
Physical Map of Human Genome Completed
One of the goals of the HGP was to complete a physical map with a marker every 100,000 base pairs by 1998. A physical map uses sequence-tagged sites (STSs) as markers to order large segments of DNA. It contained 15,086 STSs, spaced an average of 199,000 base pairs apart. -
International Strategy Meeting on Human Genome Sequencing
The scientists gathered to compare sequencing strategies and to discuss guidelines for data release. The attendees agreed that all human sequence data they produce should be made freely available to the public. -
Human Gene Map Created
Scientists created a map showing the locations of ESTs (expressed sequence tags) representing fragments of more than 16,000 genes from throughout the genome. -
Human DNA Sequence Begins
In 1996, the National Human Genome Research Institute funded pilot projects to find efficient strategies for completely sequencing the human genome. The pilot projects tested the feasibility of large-scale sequencing, and explored how accurate and how costly alternative approaches might be. -
Recommendations on Genetic Testing
A Task Force on Genetic Testing was created by the NIH-DOE Working Group on Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Human Genome Research to review genetic testing in the United States and make recommendations to ensure the development of safe and effective genetic tests. -
HGP Map Included 30,000 Human Genes
In October 1998, HGP researchers released a gene map that included 30,000 human genes, estimated to represent approximately one-third of the total human genes. -
Genome of Roundworm C. elegans Sequenced
In December 1998, the first genome sequence of a multicellular organism, the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, was completed. -
Full-scale Human Genome Sequencing
In March 1999, HGP participants advanced their goal of obtaining draft sequence covering 90 percent of the human genome to 2000, a year and a half before projected previously. Full-scale human genome sequencing began. -
Chromosome 22
In December 1999, the HGP completed the first finished, full-length sequence of a human chromosome - chromosome 22. This accomplishment demonstrated the power of the HGP method of clone-by-clone sequencing to obtain large amounts of highly accurate sequence. -
Free Access to Genomic Information
In March 2000, U.S. President Clinton and U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair stated that raw, fundamental data about human genome sequence and its variations should be freely available. -
First Draft of the Human Genome Sequence Released
The Human Genome Project international consortium published a first draft and initial analysis of the human genome sequence. -
Researchers Find Genetic Variation Associated with Prostate Cancer
Researchers identified a gene on chromosome 1 associated with a hereditary form of prostate cancer. The work was a collaboration between researchers at the National Human Genome Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, and The Cleveland Clinic. -
Human Genome Project Completed
The International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium announced the successful completion of the Human Genome Project more than two years ahead of schedule and under budget. The primary goal of the project was to produce a reference sequence of the human genome -
Fiftieth Anniversary of Watson and Crick's Description of the Double Helix
The model proposed by Francis Crick and James Watson resulted from nearly two years of work and was partly based on X-ray diffraction data from their colleagues Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. Crick, Watson, and Wilkins shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work.
