-
The first insectides were produced in China. They were made from powdered chrysanthemums.
-
From around 160 species of wild potatoes Peruvians plant the species with the lowest level of poisons and grow them for food.
-
Cheese was made. This can be considered the earliest form of biotech because it takes renin from cows and adding it to milk.
-
The first antibiotics appeared in China. They were soybean curds and they were used to cure boils.
-
The earliest form of cross breeding can be shown when humans cross bred male donkeys and female horses creating a mule. Mules were the best of both worlds, strong and good endurance. They revolutionized transportation and transportation of goods.
-
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch tradesmand and skilled lens maker, is the first to describe microbes in detail.
-
English surgeon Edward Jenner was first to make the vaccine. He first inoculated a child with a viral smallpox vaccine. This was the first time someone had been inoculated by this vaccine.
-
Mendell discovers that through selective breeding, traits can be passed down from plants and animals. He does this by breeding pea plants and observing the different characteristics of each plant.
-
Oscar Brefeld reports the growth of fungal colonies from single spores on gelatin. The German botanist Joseph Schroeter grows pigmented bacterial colonies on slices of potatoe.
-
Ferdinand Julius Cohn publishes landmark paper on bacteria and the cycling of elements and it is an early classification scheme that uses the name bacillus.
-
Robert Koch develops methods for staining bacteria, photographing, and preparing permanent visual records on slides.
-
Koch develops solid culture media and the methods for obtaining pure cultures of bacteria.
-
Angelina Fannie and Walther Hesse in Koch's lab devolop the use of agar as a support medium for solid culture.
-
Hans Christian Gram develops a disystem for developing bacteria. This identification method is known as the Gram Stain.
-
In 1887, Julius R Petri invented and publicized the use of a plate of bacteria for scientific research.
-
M H McCrady establishes a quantitative approach for analyzing water samples. He does this by using the most probable number and multiple tube for fermentation test.
-
Watson and Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA. They announced it in Belgium on April 8th. They were awarded the Nobel Prize of Physiology or Medicine on their study of nucleic acids.
-
The understanding of genes and how they work deepens.
-
GM soybeans and corn are officially allowed to be sold in US. GM cotton is commercialized in the US. GM crops become the most rapidly adopted technology in the history of agriculture.
-
Scientists work on creating a high yeild varieties of types of grain, wheat, corn, millet, and rice. This massively increases the production of crops in coutries and it is said to be the green revolution. Creation of the dwarf wheat increases 70%.
-
Jacob and Monad introduce the Operon concept. An operon is a cluster of bacterial genes that helps to control the transcription of other genes using mRNA.
-
For the first time Dr. Hargobind Khorana synthesized DNA in a test tube. He won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work with nucleotides and nucleic acids.
-
Kohler and Milestein created cytoplasmic hybridization. They produced the first monoclonal antibodies which revolutionized diagnostics.
-
Karl Murris was able to harness DNA in a test tube and amplify the DNA. He was able to make thousands of strands of DNA in a test tube.
-
Scientists create chymosin to help in the making of hard cheese. China is now starting to sell GMO foods, mainly VR tobacco and tomatoes.
-
German and Swiss scientists develop golden rice, fortified with betacarotene, which stimulates production of Vitamin A that can prevent some forms of blindness.
-
The first entire plant genome is sequenced, Arabidopsis thaliana, which provides researchers with greater insight into the genes that control specific traits in many other agricultural plants.
-
U.S. and Canadian scientists develop a transgenic tomato that thrives in salty conditions, a discovery with the potential to create tomatoes and other crops that can grow in marginal conditions.
-
The National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy (NCFAP) study found that six GM crops planted in the United States - soybeans, corn, cotton, papaya, squash and canola- produced an additional 4 billion pounds of food and fiber on the same acreage, improved farm income by $1.5 billion and reduced pesticide use by 46 million pounds.
-
People started planting their own food. They planted their food because of harsh weather and the bred animals so they didn't have to hunt. They would plant seeds close to shelters for easy access.
-
People could now grow their own food. Now there is a need to preserve the food. In the earlies years this was done by storing the food in cold caves.
-
Yeasts have been used for human benefit for a very long time. They are used to make breads, alcohol, and alcoholic beverages. When the yeast ferments it creates alcohol.
