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Sep 26, 1500
The Barter system
A barter system is an old method of exchange. This system was used for centuries before money was invented. People exchanged services and goods for other services and goods in return. This system was used by the Native groups. -
Oct 11, 1500
The effects of economic activity (on the organisation of the society and the territory)
The economic development of a society is relative to its resources and to the production, distribution and consumption of goods. From the 16th Century to the present, the economy of Quebec has characterised by the uneven development of the region. During many different periods, resources such as as fish, beaver, timber and ore contributed to the economic development of the territory.
This trade was created by the Europeans searching to make money off the new found land. -
French Regime- Economy based on fur trade
Economy based on fur trade:
There was an insufficiently dense population which required the Europeans to create alliances with the natives for the hunting.
New France was constantly expanding in search for more and more furs as the trade was accelerating.
The fur trade led to the creation of trading posts like the towns of Quebec and Three Rivers. -
French Regime- Alliances et rivalries
Alliances between certain aboriginal groups meant that the Europeans were sometimes pulled into Natives conflicts and vice versa for the Natives who were sometimes pulled into battles for European control of resources. -
French Regime- Chartered companies
Charted company system based on privileges (allowed to be the only ones with rights to the fur trade) and obligations (they were supposed to administer and develop the colony).
The consenquences of this charted company system was that the populationwas kept smal Population was kept small and mostly male. They ignored the development of the colony. -
French Regime- Agricultural activity
The people living in New France, as many back in France, used subsistence agriculture to survive. This is when farmers grow just enough for them and their families.
Jean Talon attempted to make farming a new way of increasing the economy but his plan failed as the demand for the fur trade was too high and there wasn't enough people wiht different skills to diversify the jobs available. -
French Regime- Economic policies
They used the system of Mercantilism was an economic theory and practice that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers.. European Countries thought it was essential to possess as much gold as possible. You would accomplish this by exporting more than you import. Take in natural resources from colonies you had control over and sell finished goods. No one used the economic system anymore. -
British Regime- Economy based on timber
The timber industry in New France was growing rapidly and it was very successful. This increase in demand, led to the creation of the Bank of Montreal in 1806 to allow people to invest and obtain credit to keep money so the interest rate was lower.
Blockade by Napoleon in 1806 and the rise in the demand for timber.
New jobs were created due to the increase in the demand, such as lumberjacks, loggers and sawmills. This also led to the improvement and development of transportation. -
British Regime- Opening of regions of colonization
The timber industry causes the development of new Regions such as Mauricie, Outaouais, Laurentides. -
British Regime- Population Changes
A national Policy favoured immigration under the British Regime from 1871 to 1901.The birth rate remains high.
The fact that the British were protestants and that they were transforming all the schools and churches, pushed people to move to the United States, Ontario and Western Canada, where there were better jobs.
Unions started to form due to bad working conditions but they were frowned upon in a company. The rich, led a good life whilst the other side of the spectrum were not as lucky. -
British Regime- Economy based on fur
When the British took control of New France, they wanted to do things their way so they started by getting rid of mercantilism.
They started creating their own company's such as the North-West Company in 1783 after the American Revolution and merged it wiht the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821.
The arrival of the British started the decline in the fur trade by the beginning of the 19th century. -
British Regime- Economic policies
The trade between New France and Britain was doing extremely well until Britain decided to establish Free Trade which means there were no customs or duties.
Canada needed new alliances for trade so they signed a Reciprocity treaty with the USA in 1854, This helped the economy increase because the USA was such a large market. -
Contemporary Period- Exploitation of resources
The resources that were exploited were agricultural resources, the forests, mining, hydroelectricity and many more. Some other natural resources were ore, pulp and paper. The British went into the timber industry because they used it to make boats for the Royal Navy. -
Contemporary Period- Industrial development (Part 1)
The phases of industrial development:
1st phase (1867-1900)
During this period, they would produce finished product because there were no more jobs in the countryside due to rural exodus.
2nd phase (1900-1930)
During this period, they were concentrated on the extraction of natural ressources such as ore, pulp and paper. In other words, raw materials (not finished products). -
The Great Depression- Cause
What caused the Great Depression, was the crash of the stock market. Everyone was investing in business, but no one had the money for it, so everyone was going to get a loan. In the late 1920s, the banks wanted their money back, but no one had the money they borrowed. Therefore, banks were going bankrupt, and anyone who went to the bank, and wanted their money couldn’t get their money back, as the banks had no money to give. -
Great Depression- How
People were buying shares in companies on borrowed money, so when debts were called in the stocks plummeted.
On “Black Thursday”, stocks dropped below zero, people were ruined, many committed suicide because of the debts they had to pay back.
The boom that had occurred as a result of the first world war came to an abrupt end, the 1930’s are characterised as the Great Depression for this reason. Most sector's of the economy were severely touched. -
Great Depression- Government actions
They created public works to boost the economy because there wasn't many women, they created work camps which were for people who didn't have a job (the government gave you a job as well as a cabin and food. Although, the pay wasn't very high but it was still an income. They also introduced food stamps as direct aid.
If you were a farmer, you were encouraged to continue because you could live on substantial farming and you didn't need food supplied by the government. -
Contemporary Period- Industrial development (war period)
Between 1939 and 1945, in other words during the second world war, the country had just gotten out of depression so they were spending all the money. For example, funding the war, buying guns and armour. While the men went to war, the women were left with the jobs in the factories so both were earning an income. World War II got them out of the great depression, so they could spend money. -
Contemporary Period- Industrial development (Post-war period to now)
During the post-war period, 1945 to 1970, large amounts of immigrants migrated to Canada, mostly europeans who contributed to the economy and development of the country. -
British Regime- First phase of industrialisation in Quebec
Many industries in Montreal stopped farming wheat and specialised in Diary, textiles and wood due to the development of rural exodus. They also concentrated more on finished products. The workers would work around 12 to 16 hours day as many days that they factories required.
The first power source was the steam engine.
Under the British regime, new routes, new transports and other new inventions were brought over to New France.
