EVIDENCE 1 ERA

  • Migration through the Bering Strait
    40,000 BCE

    Migration through the Bering Strait

    Migration of Asian people to North America through the Bering Strait
  • Cease of peoples movement
    8000 BCE

    Cease of peoples movement

    the movement of peoples from Asia to north America stopped
  • Mayan civilization
    1500 BCE

    Mayan civilization

    Mayan civilization develops in the Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, and parts of Honduras and El Salvador
  • Olmec civilization
    1150 BCE

    Olmec civilization

    Olmec culture flourishes in Mesoamerica
  • Mayan Civilization
    300 BCE

    Mayan Civilization

    Mayan Civilization flowered
  • Mayan Civilization
    250

    Mayan Civilization

    Mayan civilization thrived in the classic period in the lowlands in northern Central America and southern Mexico
  • Temple of the Jaguar
    700

    Temple of the Jaguar

    The temple of the jaguar in Tikal was constructed.
  • Mayan decline
    900

    Mayan decline

    The Mayan Civilization started to fall
  • Inca culture
    1000

    Inca culture

    emerges in the Cuzco Valley of South America.
  • Full decline
    1100

    Full decline

    The Mayan civilization stopped flourishing
  • The Aztecs
    1200

    The Aztecs

    The Aztecs who migrated from northern Mexico, arrived in the Valley of Mexico
  • Tenochtitlán
    1325

    Tenochtitlán

    The capital was established in the Texcoco Lake
  • Tupac Yupanqui
    1401

    Tupac Yupanqui

    was the Incan ruler
  • Moctezuma Xocoyotzin
    1466

    Moctezuma Xocoyotzin

    The last emperor of the Aztec empire was born
  • The first clash of European and native American civilizations
    1490

    The first clash of European and native American civilizations

  • Columbus arrival
    1492

    Columbus arrival

    Christopher Columbus arrives at what he called San Salvador Island in the Caribbean and encounters Native American culture
  • Treaty of Tordesillas
    1494

    Treaty of Tordesillas

    Signed by Spain and Portugal, establishing a line of demarcation from pole to pole 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands; Spain received the right to colonize all territory to the west of that line; Portugal colonized lands to the east
  • Cabral arrival to Brazil
    1500

    Cabral arrival to Brazil

    Pedro Álvares Cabral arrives in Brazil and claims it for Portugal
  • Christopher Columbus landed in Central America.
    1502

    Christopher Columbus landed in Central America.

    The arrival of black slaves to the Americas.
  • First sugar mill
    1508

    First sugar mill

    In Hispaniola, the first sugar mill is constructed.
  • Patronato real granted for the Spain monarch
    1508

    Patronato real granted for the Spain monarch

    Pope Julius II granted the Spain monarch the patronato real
  • Proliferation of the Catholic Church in the Americas
    1509

    Proliferation of the Catholic Church in the Americas

    Pope Julius II authorizes the Spanish Catholic monarchs to propagate the Catholic Church in the Americas; Patronato Real gave power to crown to appoint Church officials
  • Importation of slaves
    1510

    Importation of slaves

    Two-hundred and fifty slaves are imported to the Americas to work in the gold mines in Hispaniola
  • Laws of Burgos
    1512

    Laws of Burgos

    Promulgated to protect the native Americans from the worst ravages of Spanish conquest/ outlaw the slavery of Indian people
  • Bilao discovers the Pacific Ocean
    1513

    Bilao discovers the Pacific Ocean

    Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the isthmus and discoveres the Pacific Ocean
  • Bartolome de Las Casas
    1516

    Bartolome de Las Casas

    named the official Protector of the Indians
  • Cortes arrives to central Mexico
    1519

    Cortes arrives to central Mexico

    Being Moctezuma II the ruler, Cortes leads an expedition from Cuba to Mexico and later takes Moctezuma prisioner Slaves were taken directly from Africa by European slave ships.
  • Conquest of the Aztec Empire
    1521

    Conquest of the Aztec Empire

    Spaniards finally defeated Cuauhtémoc completing the conquest of the Aztec empire
  • Conversion of Indians to Christianity
    1521

    Conversion of Indians to Christianity

    Conquistador Gil Gonzalez Davila converts 30,000 Indians to Christianity in the area called Nicaragua, and sends some 500,000 as slaves to other parts of Spanish Empire
  • Guatemala City and the Council of the Indies
    1524

    Guatemala City and the Council of the Indies

    Guatemala City was founded. The Council of the Indies is established by King Charles V.
  • Post-classical Mayan Civilization
    1527

    Post-classical Mayan Civilization

    post-classical Mayan civilization lived on in the Yucatan centers like Chichen Itza and Uxmal after other Mayan lands were conquered by the Spaniards
  • Proliferation of slavery
    1530

    Proliferation of slavery

    The Spanish crown authorizes the spread of slavery to Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Jamaica
  • Conquest of the Incan empire
    1532

    Conquest of the Incan empire

    Francisco Pizarro invades the Incan Empire, captures and executes Emperor Atahualpa, and conquers the Incas
  • Incas under total Spanish control
    1535

    Incas under total Spanish control

  • University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
    1538

    University of Saint Thomas Aquinas

    The first university in the Americas is established: St. Thomas Aquinas in the city of Santo Domingo
  • Francisco de Orellana discovers Ecuador
    1541

    Francisco de Orellana discovers Ecuador

    Francisco de Orellana discovers the headwaters of the Amazon River in what is now Ecuador
  • Withdrawal of the encomienda
    1542

    Withdrawal of the encomienda

    The New Laws of the Indies are issued by Spain, officially eliminating the encomienda
  • Outlaw of labor demand
    1549

    Outlaw of labor demand

    The encomendero's rights to demand labor from his tributaries was outlawed.
  • Creation of Universities
    1551

    Creation of Universities

    New universities are creted in Mexico and Lima
  • Arauco War
    1554

    Arauco War

    Araucan Indian chief Caupolican, allied with Chief Lautaro, defeats Spaniards, kills Pedro de Valdivia, and defeats the forces of Francisco de Villagra de Chile
  • Inquisition begins
    1569

    Inquisition begins

    the institution of the Inquisition begins in Latin America in Lima and Mexico City
  • Expulsion of the Jesuits

    Expulsion of the Jesuits

    The Jesuits were expelled from the colonies by the Portuguese
  • Expulsion of the Jesuits

    Expulsion of the Jesuits

    The Jesuits were expelled from the colonies by King Charles III
  • Rebellion on behalf the Indians

    Rebellion on behalf the Indians

    Incan descendant Tupac Amaru leads a two-year rebellion against authorities on behalf of the Indians.
  • Cease of transatlantic slavery

    Cease of transatlantic slavery

    transatlantic slave trade stopped
  • Conquest of the Araucanians

    Conquest of the Araucanians

    The Araucanians of Chile and Argentina were completely conquered by European invaders
  • Cease of African slavery

    Cease of African slavery

    African slavery stopped in Spanish colonies in the Caribbean and in Brazil