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Kepler's first law of planetary motion:
The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. -
Galileo Galilei developed his first telescope. He was not the invenor of telescopes, however.
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A crowd of Protestants stormed the royal castle in Prague and threw two members of the Catholic government and their secretary out the window.
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Hugo Grotius publishes his book, "On the Law of War and Peace".
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Pope Urban VIII prosecuted Galileo Galiliei for promoting the theory of the sun being the center of the solar system.
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The Peace of Westphalia officially ended The Thirty Years' War.
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The English Cival War overthrow King Charles I and install Cromwell.
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Thomas Hobbes publishes his book, Leviathan.
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Sir Issac Newton publishes Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Latin for "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"
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The Glorious Revolution overthrows King James II and installs William III of Orange and Mary II of England.
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The Bill of Rights laid out certain basic rights for (at the time) all Englishmen.1. No royal interference with the law.
2. No taxation by Royal Prerogative.
3. Freedom to petition the monarch without fear of retribution4. No standing army may be maintained.
5. No royal interference in the freedom of the people.
6. No royal interference in the election of parliament.
7. The freedom of speech and debates.
8. "grants and promises of fines or forfeitures".
9. no excessive bail. -
John Locke publishes his essay concerning Human understanding and publishes Two Treatises of Government.
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King Louis XIV dies. He is succeeded by King Louis XV French throne.
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George Frideric Handel publishes his music composition, Water Music.
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David Hume publishes An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.
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Montesque was a political writer. His primary book, "Spirit of the Laws," focused on separation of powers. He believed that no part of government should have too much power over the rest of the state. He also believed that small states should be ruled by republics, medium size states should be ruled by monarchies, and despots should rule large states.
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Denis Diderot publishes first volume of Encyclopédie.
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Francois Quesnay publishes Tableau Économique.
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Voltaire publishes the book, Candide.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.
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Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria publishes On Crimes and Punishments.
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James Watt invents improved steam engine.
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Jean Jacque Rousseau finishes Confessions.
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes The Sorrows of Young Werther.
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The American Revolution begins.
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Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
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Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense
Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence -
Immanuel Kant publishes Critique of Pure Reason.
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Immanuel Kant publishes Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals.
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart writes Don Giovanni.
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The storming of the Bastille officially started the French Revolution.
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Olympe de Gouges publishes Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
