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People drew pictures to teach and communicate, which led to better survival of the tribe.
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Knowledge is inborn and can be brought out by skillful questioning
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First recorded mass instruction, paid to teach, intellectual power, oratorical ability, developed analysis of teaching rhetoric, goal: produce a “polymath”
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Compared opposing viewpoints by examining the history and context behind each one.
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First true forerunner of modern educational technology, created the Orbus Pictus picture book to aid in teaching, proposed education for all, and “pansophia” (a system of universal knowledge
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Learning through play, socialization, and learning by doing are methods to control the growth of a child into a man.
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used the recitation method
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Herbart wrote the Outlines of Educational Doctrine and began a teacher education school in Königsberg, Germany, with 3 levels: sensory, reproduction, and understanding. This method is completely dominated by the teacher, filling an empty storage container
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also stereopticons
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Method created by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi- sensory natural development, more than book learning, used objects around them and learned by observing their environment, replaced the recitation system, became popular in Germany
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object lesson approach
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1 teacher: 284 pupils, mass instruction, pupils grouped according to ability, taught 50, then they each taught 10, etc., used ingenuity- sand on desks, texts hung in large print on walls to avoid textbooks, writing slates, numbered attendance
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portable museum exhibits
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radio broadcasting, sound recordings, sound motion pictures
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military training films, overhead projectors, slide projectors, audio equipment, simulators
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Cone of Experience
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Federal Communication Comission sets aside 242 TV channels for educational purposes
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1st orbiting space satellite- In their effort to keep up, many unsuccessful teaching programs were created, which led to the need for a reformed testing process
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wrote The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching
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the world’s first automatic, plain-paper photocopier
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used in public schools (Plato, TICCIT)
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The Bell Punch/Sumlock Anita Mark VII
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Wrote book: The Conditions of Learning
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The field of EdTech expanded to include performance problems other than instruction
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