History of Educational Technology

  • Period: 1300 BCE to 1300 BCE

    Cave Painting

    People drew pictures to teach and communicate, which led to better survival of the tribe.
  • 470 BCE

    Socrates

    Knowledge is inborn and can be brought out by skillful questioning
  • 400 BCE

    The Elder Sophists

    First recorded mass instruction, paid to teach, intellectual power, oratorical ability, developed analysis of teaching rhetoric, goal: produce a “polymath”
  • 1100

    Scholasticism

    Compared opposing viewpoints by examining the history and context behind each one.
  • Johann Amos Comenius

    First true forerunner of modern educational technology, created the Orbus Pictus picture book to aid in teaching, proposed education for all, and “pansophia” (a system of universal knowledge
  • Froebel kindergarten

    Learning through play, socialization, and learning by doing are methods to control the growth of a child into a man.
  • Period: to

    Primitive American log schoolhouse

    used the recitation method
  • Herbartian Method of Instruction,

    Herbart wrote the Outlines of Educational Doctrine and began a teacher education school in Königsberg, Germany, with 3 levels: sensory, reproduction, and understanding. This method is completely dominated by the teacher, filling an empty storage container
  • Lantern slide projector, Motion picture projector

    also stereopticons
  • Pestalozzi Method

    Method created by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi- sensory natural development, more than book learning, used objects around them and learned by observing their environment, replaced the recitation system, became popular in Germany
  • Pestalozzian schools in USA

    object lesson approach
  • Lancasterian schools

    1 teacher: 284 pupils, mass instruction, pupils grouped according to ability, taught 50, then they each taught 10, etc., used ingenuity- sand on desks, texts hung in large print on walls to avoid textbooks, writing slates, numbered attendance
  • School Museums

    portable museum exhibits
  • Period: to

    Audiovisual instruction movement

    radio broadcasting, sound recordings, sound motion pictures
  • AECT created

  • Period: to

    Improvements in Wartime Educational Technology

    military training films, overhead projectors, slide projectors, audio equipment, simulators
  • Edgar Dale

    Cone of Experience
  • Instructional Television

  • Period: to

    Public Broadcasting

  • Period: to

    Programmed instruction movement

    Federal Communication Comission sets aside 242 TV channels for educational purposes
  • Improvements after Sputnik

    1st orbiting space satellite- In their effort to keep up, many unsuccessful teaching programs were created, which led to the need for a reformed testing process
  • BF Skinner

    wrote The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching
  • Xerox 914

    the world’s first automatic, plain-paper photocopier
  • Criterion referenced testing

  • Period: to

    Computer Assisted Instruction Program (CAI)

    used in public schools (Plato, TICCIT)
  • The First Handheld Calculator

    The Bell Punch/Sumlock Anita Mark VII
  • Robert Gague

    Wrote book: The Conditions of Learning
  • Systems Approach

  • Microcomputers for instructional purposes

  • Performance Support Tools

    The field of EdTech expanded to include performance problems other than instruction
  • Rapid Prototyping

  • Period: to

    Invention of the Internet

  • Distance Learning becomes popular

  • Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizes Education

  • Cell phones Banned in Schools