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Due to the Crusades and other various events, the knowledge of the Greeks and Romans and medical science was lost.
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Medicine was only practiced in monasteries and convents.
Only herbal medicine was used.
Many plagues and epidemics occured (bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphillis, and tuberculosis). -
The very first school of medicine was established in Salerno, Italy.
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The first recorded human dissection done in public was done by Mondino de Luizzi.
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A pandemic of the black plague (bubonic plague, black death) killed 3/4 of Europe's population.
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The first regulations and rules for midwifes were recorded.
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The Renaissance brought back the rebirth of science and stimulated physicians and scholars to start to scientifically study medicine.
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Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. This invention allowed information to be passed throughout the world much easier than by word of mouth or written hand.
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Leonardo da Vinci started to dissect corpses he took from graves.
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Ambroise Pare starated using ligatures to stop bleeding and bind arteries. He stopped using boiling oil to cauterize wounds. He also started the accpetance of using artificial limbs.
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Gabriel Fallopius first discoverd the fallopian tubes and the tympanic membrane in the ear.
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Fathullah Shirazi created the first recorded gunpowder.
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William Harvey published "An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals" which is the start of describing the heart, etc.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek was, a cloth merchant, used glass lenses to view pond water -- which was filled with bacteria.
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Anton van Leeuwenheok discovered blood cells.
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Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer.
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Benjamin Franklin invented the first pair of bifocals. He may/may not be the very first inventor, but due to correspondance that was found, he definately created them independantly.
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Claudius Aymand completed the first appendectomy.
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The United States of America declared independence from Great Britain.
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The vaccination against smallpox was developed. Now, we have completed irradicated smallpox from the planet! Weew!
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Rene Laennec invented the first stethoscope in France. It looked like a common ear trumpet.
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Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that medical students didn't wash their hands between working in the lab and delivering babies. That lead to many deaths of babies and mothers. So if they washed their hands, the number of deaths went down.
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Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. She also inspired Florence Nightingale to start nursing schools.
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Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood were the first to develop a syringe with a needle fine enough to pierce the skin
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Gregor Mendel established the patterns of heredity.
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Florence Nightingale started the first nursing school. It made nursing be acknowleged as an honorable profession and brought forth respect for nurses.
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Louis Pasteur, with the help of Claude Bernard, completed the first pasteurization of milk. They discovered heating the milk prevented the growth of bacteria.
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Joseph Lister was the first doctor to figure out that using an antiseptic during surgery was necessary and prevented infection in the incision!
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Wilhem Rontgen was the first scientist to study and use x-ray technologies. He didn't invent them or discover them but he was the first to use them.
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Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone which changed communication forever.
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Karl Benz, a German mechanic, created and patented the first modern automobile.
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Clara Barton, the "Angel of the Battlefield", established the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross is an organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education.
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Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first vaccine for rabies. They used it on a young boy who had been attacked by a rabid dog.
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Sigmund Freud started studying the affects of the unconscious mind and the body. He believed in psychoanalysis and now are the basis of psychology and psychiatry.
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Austrian scientist, Karl Landstiener found the different blood types and recieved the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.
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Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first airplane and took the first flight ever.
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Robert Koch developed the culture plate to identify pathogens.
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Jacques and Louis Breguet, two French brothers, constructed and took the first helicopter ride.
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Marie Curie isolated radium.
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The first antibiotic drug, Penicillin, was discovered. This was the first drug that combated serious diseases like syphillus, and staphlococci and staphlycoccus bacterias. It is still used today.
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Hewlett-Packard is founded and begins making the first computer.
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The Allied and Axis Powers of the world fought for 6 long years. There were many casualties all around the board.
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The United States dropped the first and second Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan.
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Jonas Salk created an altered polio virus vaccine that was administered as a shot.
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Albert Sabin created the oral polio vaccine that was more effective than Jonas Salk's vaccine.
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John W. Hetrick patented and installed the first airbags in vehicles.
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After a SAAB was released with safety belts at a carshow, seat belts became common accessories and eventually madatory in vehicles.
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This technique of using a microscope and other instruments is used to operate on the smallest body structures and cells.
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Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet, completed the first ever human spaceflight.
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Christian Barnard performed the first human to human heart transplant. His patient only lived 18 days after the surgery, but the surgery was a huge milestone in life extension.
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Martin Cooper, of Motorolla Inc, made the first cellphone call.
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The first test-tube baby was born on July 25, 1978. "Test-tube babies" actually are concieved through in-vitro fertilization. Sperm and an egg are combined and then the egg is implanted in the woman's uterus.
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The use of various scopes being used in surgery is becoming increasingly popular. The advantage to scope surgery is that minimal incisions need to be made.
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HIV/AIDS is caused by sexual transmission of the disease, blood transmission, or prenatal transmission. To this day, there still is no cure, only medicines to slow the effects.
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This project is an international research project with the goal of mapping the 25,000 genes of the human genome.
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The first successful gene therapy procedure was on a four year old girl with an immune system defect. The effects were only temporary but deemed successful.
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Dolly the sheep was the first animal to be cloned. Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. Dolly lived only about six years.
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The first web browser was available to the public.
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The Ancient Romans began public health and sanitation systems.
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The first vaccine to prevent cancer was created. This vaccine is called Gardasil.
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Rhazes, an Arab physician began using animal (cat) gut as suture material.
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Arabs started to require that physicians take tests and obtain licenses before practicing medicine.
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Central American's became accustomed to smoking tobacco. Through exploration, different counties adapted their own smoking techniques. Cigarette smoking and tobacco are now major concerns today.
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Claudius Galen, a physician, established many of the first medical beliefs:
1) The body is regulated by blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile.
2) Those are called humors. An imbalance in the humors lead to sickness.
3) Described symptoms
4) Dissected animals
5) Determined function of muscles, kidney, and bladder
