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The study of medical science stopped for over 1,000 years, medicine practiced only in monestaries and convents, and monks and priests provided care and herbal medicine to the sick.
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Some time durring this time frame (not specified in textbook or online), the first school of medicine was established in Salerno, Italy. It was founded by a Jewish Rabbi Elinus, a Greek Pontus, a Saracen Adala, an Arab, and a native of Salerno
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The practice of cleanliness was increasing. People would wash, bath and clean their teeth.
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Catholic church frowned upon human dissection, so only animals were available for anatomical study. Finally, criminals were used for medical researches and dissection. bodies of criminals were used for dissection
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A mid wife was a person (typically a woman) trained to assist women in childbirth. They would help a women give birth by providing support, a cloth for the baby, and aide.
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The renaissance stimulated medical practice, physicians and scholars began to scientifically study medicine, medical schools were built, the printing press was invented, and the study of the body by dissection. Also, the average life span was 30 to 40 years.
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Johannes Gutenberg, a german inventor, invented to printing press. Because of the invention, it allowed books to be made quickly and information about medicine to spread.
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By nailing the 95 theses, it lead to the creation of lutheran churches. Becaus there was also a lutheren church, people were now able to have different beliefs about religion, science, and medicine.
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Andreas Vesalius's On the Fabric of the Human Body, is the first scientific text on human anatomy to be published.
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The microcope allowed scientists, nurse, and doctors to see microscopic organisms and bacteria.
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Antony Van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria by observing the plaque between his own teeth (as well as others) under a microsope. He discovered that there were different "animalcules' in great numbers and they were alive.
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Obstetrics is the branch of medicine concerned with the care of a woman during her pregnancy, delivery (parturition), and recovery from childbirth (puerperium). British physicians William Smellie and William Hunter made advances in obstetrics that established this field as a separate branch of medicine
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This allowed doctors, nurses, and people to find out what the temperature of their body were.
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The refrigerator allowed food to last longer and not spoil. This affected the medical field because it allowed chemicals to be stored and last longer and it prevented food poisoning.
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He invented bifocals because he was getting old and had trouble seeing up-close and at a distance. He devised a way to have both types of lenses fit into the frame by placing the distance lens at the top and the the up-close lens at the bottom.
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He dissected live animals and the bodies of executed criminals to learn about the circulation of blood. He saw that the heart acted as a pump, pushing the blood throughout the body. Harvey saw that the one-way valves described by "Fabricius" meant the blood could only flow in one direction.
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Eward Jenner invented the vaccination against smallpox after putting some puss from a milkmaids blisters and putting it on James Phipps. Then, Edward Jenner exposed James Phipps to smallpox (after James had recovered), but James didn't get infected. From this experiment, he learned that having cowpox can immunizes smallpox.
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Some diagnostic tools invented in the 1800's are micriscope, thermometer, and x-rays (Roentgenograms).
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Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope because he was unable to feel the heartbeat of a patient. His first stethoscope was made up of a hollowed wooden tube. After his death, the stethoscope was improved by having a rubber tubing and binaural earpieces.
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In the 1840s, he encouraged physicians to wash hands with "lime" after performing autosies and before delivering babies to prevent childbirth fever. Medical students who didn't wash their hands caused the death of many newborns and mothers.
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Dr. Crawford Long used Ether for minor surgeries. For example, James Venable had a tumor in his neck, so Dr. Crawford Long used Ether to leasen the pain.
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The convention was held in the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York. 68 women and 32 men signed the Declaration of Sentiments which was drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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After she became the first women to be a doctor of medicine she went to England and suffered a serious eye infection which left her blind in one eye and she abandoned her plan to become a surgeon. She also inspired Florence Nightingale to persue nursing.
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Florence Nightingale opened the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses at St. Thojmas' Hosptital in London.
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She was known for her work in the battle field and as a superintendant of female officers. She is the most forgotten women in history.
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He used antiseptics during surgeries to prevent infections. The antiseptic principle remains today as the cornerstone of modern surgery.
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The "Father of Microbiolgy" established the bacterial cause of many infectious diseases and discovered the microorganisms causing anthrax (1876), wound infections (1878), tuberculosis (1882), conjunctivitis (1883), cholera (1884),
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-Louis Pasteur discovered that sour milk was caused by bacteria and yeasts added to bread or starter cultures for yogurt and cheese were causing diseases and sickness.
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Edison eventually produced a bulb that could glow for over 1500 hours. Light bulbs allow hospitals to have lights adn for surgeons to see better when performing surgeries.
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Clara Barton, dubbed the "Angel of the Battlefield," begins aid to servicemen in Civil War. Then, at age 60, she founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and led it for the next 23 years.
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All human cases of rabies were fatal until rabies vaccines were discovered. Some effects from getting rabies are headaches, fevers, and even comas.
Frenchmen Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux were experimenting with a vaccine they harvested from infected rabbits. When Joseph Meister was bitten by a rabid dog, Pasteur and Roux used their vaccine and it worked. -
He invented the X-ray by evacuating a tube of all air, filled it with a special gas, and passed a high electric voltage through it. The tube produced a fluorescent glow and he shielded the tube with heavy black paper,
He named the new ray X-ray, because in mathematics "X" is used to indicated the unknown quantity. -
Karl Land Steiner discovered the major blood types after trying to learn why blood transfusions sometimes cause death and at other times save a patient.
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Marie Currie succeeded in isolating pure, metallic radium but dies from lukemia due to exposure to radium.
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There was an advance in surgeries and amputatation because of the numerous injuries of the soldiers. World War 1 was one of the many reasons why the influenza flu spread so fast.
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Influenza left the survivors in sadness and depression because so many people were dying. People relied on science to cure the flu, but there weren't any medicine to cure it because it was a virus. Parades, gatherings, and celebrations caused the flu to spead very quickly.
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The first antibiotic, penicilliin, is discovered by Alexander Fleming. It was considered one of the most important discoveries in teh twentieth century.
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Although this was a depressing and sad time period, the medical field grew. German scientist tested immunization compounds for diseases, including malaria, typhus, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, yellow fever, and hepatitis on jews.
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The first automic bomb was made in 1945 and set off on July 16, 1945, by the members in the Manhatten project. After numerous bombs were set off (in the U.S. and Japan), radioactive chemicals were discovered be bad for health.
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In the mid 1950s, Alber Sabin created the oral polio vaccine, which was more effective tha Salk's vaccine.
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Jonas Salk disovered an altered polio virus vaccine. He developed the vaccine by growing it in a monkey's kidney
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The first practical radar system was invented in 1935 by the Scotish physicist Sir Robert Alexander Watson. This affected the medical field because doctors and nurses were ready to help and aid people after natural disasters and prepare for them.
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Martin Luther King Jr. gave an inspiring speech to his audience. His speech inspired african americans to strive for their own dreams. His speech was a factor that led to african americans getting freedom getting occupations in the health care field.
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The measles is a slighly contagious disease of young children, caused by a virus and spread by droplet spray from the nose, mouth, and throat of individuals in the infective stage. The measles will have an appearance of the rash and lasts from 2 to 5 days
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The mumps are a viral disease, manifesting itself chiefly in pain and swelling of the salivary glands.
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Christiaan Barnard performed the first human heart transplant but his patient, Mr Louis Washkansky, only lived for 18 days, because of pneumonia.
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In 1790, the French National Assembly directed the Academy of Sciences of Paris to standardize the units of measurement. The metric system contributed to the medical field because it allowed medicine and chemicals to be accurately measured.
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Although the telephone was still dominant, other companies started coming out with cell phones, although they were still large and heavy. Cell phones affect the health care field because people can now call "911" and get medical help where ever they are.
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Before the vaccine was invented, parents held parties to infect their children with chicken pox. After the children get the virus, they won't get the chicken pox anymore.
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On November 10, 1977, Lesley Brown underwent the very experimental in vitro ("in glass") fertilization procedure because her fallopian tubes were blocked. Lesley had one of he
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The inserrtation of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary disease in particular. The first patient was a four-year old girl.
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Tissue cloning, the process of creating an identical copy of an original, cloned Dolly the Sheep.
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Stem cells are cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types.
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The telephone allowed people to communicate and people were able to call the police/ambulance for help and emergenices. For example, a pregnant women may not be able to get out of her house to find someone to take her to the hospital, so she would call a neighbor or 911 for help.
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Gun powder was invented by the Chinese. The main medical problem by the use of gunpowder in wars was that it caused infections in wounds.
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There were many plagues and epidemics being spread such as the bubonic plague, smallpox, dipheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis.
