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The American School for the Deaf opened in Hartford, Connecticut. It was created for students who were deaf. This school showed early recognition that students with disabilities deserve access to education designed to meet their needs. https://www.asd-1817.org -
Perkins School for the Blind opened in Massachusetts as one of the first schools for students with visual impairments. It helped demonstrate that students with disabilities could learn academic and life skills when given appropriate instruction. Perkins became a national model for special education. -
The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) was founded to support educators working with students with disabilities. It helped establish professional standards and promote research-based practices. CEC continues to advocate for inclusive and effective education today. -
This Supreme Court case ruled that “separate but equal” schools are unconstitutional. While the case focused on racial segregation, it influenced future disability rights cases. It helped establish the idea that all students deserve equal access to education. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRYK4RWyUAo -
Section 504 protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination in programs receiving federal funding. It required schools to provide accommodations so students with disabilities could access education. This law supported inclusion in general education settings. -
This law guaranteed a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for students with disabilities. It introduced Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and required education in the least restrictive environment. This law strongly supported inclusion and access to general education.https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ -
The ADA expanded civil rights protections for individuals with disabilities. It required accessibility in schools, workplaces, and public spaces. This law reinforced inclusion and equal participation in society. -
IDEA replaced the earlier special education law and strengthened protections for students with disabilities. It emphasized inclusion, parent involvement, and access to the general education curriculum. IDEA remains the foundation of special education today. -
This law increased accountability for student achievement, including students with disabilities. Schools were required to measure and report academic progress. It increased expectations for students receiving special education services. -
ESSA replaced No Child Left Behind and continued accountability for students with disabilities. It emphasized inclusive instruction and access to high-quality education. ESSA supports collaboration between general and special education teachers.