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The first school of special education was The American Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb in Hartford. The schools was made by the parents of deaf children, notably Dr. Mason Cogswell, it was established by Reverend Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. The Connecticut General Assembly provided crucial early financial support, making it the first school to receive state aid. -
The Illinois Supreme Court ruled that the state was not required to provide free public education to children with certain disabilities who were deemed “unable to benefit” from schooling. It was ruled that, due to the students' "limited intelligence," they were unable to benefit from a good public education. -
ESEA provided federal funding to schools to protect and provide for disadvantaged students so they can have equal access. ESEA was the first major federal involvement in K–12 education. Although it did not focus solely on disabilities, it paved the way for later special education laws. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act paved the way for the Education of the handicapped act. -
Section 504 is a Civil rights law, not an education-specific law like IDEA. The law discriminates against individuals with disabilities in programs or activities that receive federal funding, including public schools. Covers a broader range of disabilities than IDEA; students may not qualify for IDEA services but can still receive protections under 504.
Schools often create a 504 Plan, which is a written plan outlining accommodations to the environment not the curriculum. -
The education of the handicap act (P.L 91-230) stamped from the elementary and Secondary Education Act in 1970. It continued support for state-run programs for individuals with disability but did not provide guidelines for how to develop the programs or what they should look like. This law required free, appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment.This act expanded into the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). -
The Individualized Education Program is a legal document in the United States. It is part of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The purpose of the document is to outline the child's learning needs and goals. Meetings between teachers and parents are frequently held to update the accommodations. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) replaced the Education of the Handicapped Act. IDEA
insures that all children with disabilities receive appropriate education with necessary services. IDEA is a zero-reject program because legislation provides mandatory services for all children. -
Garret F. was a student who was paralyzed from the neck down; however, his mental abilities were unaffected. In school, he needed a nurse (like catheterization, suctioning, and ventilator management). The school district initially argued that they were not responsible for paying for the nurse. The court ruled that under the IDEA Act, students must be provided the necessary services at no extra cost to the parents.
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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act P.L.(105-446) (IDEIA) is the updated version of the IDEA program. It allows the district to use a response to intervention (RTI) model for determining whether a child has specific learning disability or no longer requires the child to have a service discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability to qualify. It also increases federal funds to provide early intervention services to students who do not need special education. -
Every Student Succeeds Act was signed by president Obama in December 2015. It replaces the No Child Left Behind Act, which was an act in 2002. ESSA includes many components of NCLB; however it provides additional opportunity for schools when students are not making progress. The NCLB Act was made to provide a framework for how to improve testing performance while ensuring that no child is trapped in a failing school.