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Sepoy Mutiny
Fierce rebellion where the city of Delhi was captured. The uprising spread over much of northern India, both Indians and Sepoys tried to slaughter each others armies. British governments sent troops to help them. -
India's poor leadership leads the British to regain Control.
Earl of Canning, a British general, is placed in India to carry out the government orders. -
Indian National Congress
Nationalism led to the creation of two groups. The groups were formed to rid India of foreign rule: the primarily Hindu Indian National Congress, or Congress Party. -
Formation of the Muslim League
Another nationalist group was formed. The organization was formed to protect Muslim interests. The leader of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, insisted that all Muslims resign from Congress Party. The League stated that it would never accept Indian independence if it meant rule by Hindu-dominated Congress Party. -
Civil Disobedience- Burning of Passes
The cause of Gandhi's first arrest was his refusal to carry an obligatory identity document card commonly known as the 'pass'. A revolutionary leader began to burn the passes and when the British soldier came to stop him, Gandhi cooperated with the leader and he began to burn the ones that had fallen to the floor. -
Meeting with the British Government
Gandhi spoke in behalf of the Indians, he believed that they were recieving harsh treatments and the millions of lives lost in the massacre were incoent. He declared that the British had to leave India forever, however the British officials denied. Finally, Gandhi said that they would eventually "walk out of India." -
Indian troops returned home from war
Indian troops expected Britain to fullfill its promise. Insted they were once again treated as second-class citizens. -
Rowlatt Act
These laws allowed the government to jail protesters without trial for as long as two years. To Western-educated Indians, denial of a trial by jury violated their individual rights. -
Amritsar Massacre
To protest the Rowlatt Acts, around 10,000 Hindus and Muslims flocked to Amritsar, a major city in the Punjab. -
Civil Disobedience- Amristar Massacre
News of the slaughter, called the Amristar Massacre, sparked an explosion of anger across India. British commanders believed that the Indians were defying the ban of public meetings. They said the Indians were breaking the law and so they decided to shoot them. They ended up killing 400 Indians and leaving 1,200 wounded. -
Civil Disobedience
Congress Party endorsed civil disobedience, the deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law, and nonviolence as the means to achieve independence. Gandhi then launched his campaign of civil disobedience to weaken the British government's authority and economic power over India. British arrested thousands of Indians who had participated in strikes and demonstrations. -
Civil Disobedience- Boycotts
Gandhi called on Indians to refuse to buy British goods, attend government schools, pay British taxes, or vote in elections. Gandhi staged a succesfull boycott of British cloth. He convinced the Indians to weave their own cloth so they could stop buying cloth from the British since it was their source of wealth. -
Civil Disobedience- Strikes
Througout 1920, the British arrested thousands of Indians who had participated in strikes, despite Gandhi's pleas for nonviolence, protests often led to riots. -
Civil Disobedience- Demonstrations
Gandhi's weapon of civil diobedience took an economic tol on the British. They struggled to keep trains running, factories operating, and overcrowded jails from bursting. -
Civil Disobedience- Salt March
Gandhi organized a demonstration to defy the hated Salt Acts. According to these British Laws, Indians could buy salt from no other source but the government. They also had to pay sales tax on salt. Gandhi and his followers walked about 240 miles to the seacoast, there their began to make their own salt to protest. -
Salt March
Gandhi organized a demonstration to defy the hated Salt Acts. According to these British laws, Indians could buy salt from no other source but the government. They also had to pay sales tax on salt. To show their opposition, Gandhi and his followers walked about 240 miles to the seacoast. There they began to make their own salt by collecting seawater and letting it evaporate. This peaceful protest was called Salt March. -
Gandhi's Hunger Strike
Gandhi began a hunger strike as a way to protest against the British government. His hunger strikes were his method of influencing public opinion. He also, used hunger strikes to because he knew that if he died under british custudy they would be devastated. -
Government of India Act
The British Parliament passed the Government of India Act. It provided local self government and limited democratic elections, but not total independence. This act fueled mounting tensions between Muslims and Hindus. -
The House of Commons Act
The British House of Commons passed an act that granted two nations, India and Pakistan, independence in one month’s time. In that short period more than 500 independent native princes had to decide which nation they would join. 10 million people were on the move in the Indian subcontinent. As people scrambled to relocate, violence among the different religious groups erupted. Muslims killed Sikhs who were moving into India. Hindus and Sikhs killed Muslims who were headed to Pakistan. -
Gandhi's Death
Gandhi personally went to the Indian capital of Delhi to plead for fair treatment of Muslim refugees. While there, he himself became a victim of the nation’s violence. A Hindu extremist who thought Gandhi too protective of Muslims shot and killed him.
