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Portuguese influence on the Spanish "cortes" had been effectively diminished and Spanish were occupying Portuguese posts, which made Portugal bitter about Spain. The feather that broke the camel's back was when King Phillip III pretty much had it in mind to turn Portugal into a Spanish province, which would mean that the Portuguese nobility would lose all their power and what little influence they had.
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It is commonly known that the best kind of war is the one that's never fought. The battle of Montijo must then be the second-best type: the one where both sides claim they have been victorious. It all began with a Portuguese general, Matías de Albuquerque, who was raiding Spanish villages as part of the skirmish war, he had even conquered a small town called Montijo.
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John IV died in 1656 and his wife succeeded him as queen regent (there would be a succession crisis, as most countries have had), but the king would always be remembered as the engine behind the Portuguese independence. By 1662 Spain was fed up with the Portuguese and wanted to put an effective end to what they still though of as a rebellion.
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After the wars there were no more major campaigns, only skirmishes. Only after Portugal signed a treaty with France in 1667 did Spain recognize the Portuguese independence, effectively putting an end to the Iberian Union
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José Francisco de San Martín (1778-1850) was an Argentine General, governor and patriot who led his nation during the wars of Independence from Spain. He was a lifelong soldier who fought for the Spanish in Europe before returning to Argentina to lead the struggle for Independence.
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The trigger event that leads Brazil to its independence is the invasion of the Peninsula by Napoleon, the same as it was for Spanish America.
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Francisco de Miranda was a Venezuelan soldier who had gone to Europe and had become a General during the French Revolution. A fascinating man, he was friends with Alexander Hamilton and other important international figures and even was the lover of Catherine the Great of Russia for a while. All throughout his many adventures in Europe, he dreamed of freedom for his homeland. In 1806 he was able to scrape together a small mercenary force in the USA and Caribbean and launched an invasion of Vene
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In 1807 Napoleon I invaded Portugal, a British ally, largely to tighten the European blockade of Great Britain. The Portuguese prince regent Dom João decided to take refuge in Brazil, making it the only colony to serve as the seat of government for its mother country
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Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest.
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Napoleon invaded spain in 1808
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By early 1810, Venezuela was ready for independence. Ferdinand VII, was a prisoner of Napoleon of France, who became the de facto if indirect ruler of Spain. Even those Creoles who supported Spain in the New World were appalled. On April 19, 1810, Venezuelan Creole patriots held a meeting in Caracas where they declared a provisional independence: they would rule themselves until such time as the Spanish monarchy was restored. For those who truly wanted independence.
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1810 rebellion across Latin America begins
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In 1811 Venezuela declared independence.
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Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla–“the father of Mexican independence”–launched the Mexican rebellion with his “Cry of Delores,” and his populist army came close to capturing the Mexican capital. Defeated at Calderón in January 1811, he fled north but was captured and executed. He was followed by other peasant leaders, however, such as José María Morelos y Pavón, Mariano Matamoros, and Vicente Guerrero, who all led armies of native and racially mixed revolutionaries against the Spanish and the Royalists
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Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla–“the father of Mexican independence”–launched the Mexican rebellion with his “Cry of Delores,” and his populist army came close to capturing the Mexican capital. Defeated at Calderón in January 1811, he fled north but was captured and executed. He was followed by other peasant leaders, however, such as José María Morelos y Pavón, Mariano Matamoros, and Vicente Guerrero, who all led armies of native and racially mixed revolutionaries against the Spanish and the Royalists
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October of 1812, Bolívar was ready to rejoin the fight. He went to Colombia, where he was given a commission as an officer and a small force. He was told to harass the Spanish along the Magdalena River. Before long, Bolívar had driven the Spanish out of the region and amassed a large army, Impressed, the civilian leaders in Cartagena gave him permission to liberate western Venezuela.
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After declaring Argentina independent, San Martin lead the army across Andes to Chile, he was joined by Bernardo O’higgins, and freed Chile. Then he later freed Equador
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Between 1808 and 1828 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest.
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1820 revolution in spain put a liberal government in power
Mexico feared the loss of influence, so they went against Spain Video: https://m.youtube.com/results?q=miguel hidalgo &sm=3 -
1819 Bolivar sent armies over the Andes into todays Columbia, and then defeated the spanish army. Which later lead to Venezuela becoming an independent nation.
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Costa Rica’s Independence Day is celebrated on September 15th. It commemorates the independence of the entire Central America from Spain, which took place in 1821. The news of the country’s independence reached the nation’s people about a month after the declaration of independence that occurred in Guatemala.
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In Ecuador in 1822 San Martin met with Bolivar to decide how to remove remaining Spanish troops from Lima and Peru.
Battle of Ayacucho.
Dec 9th, 1824 Bolivar defeated Spanish at the Battle of Ayacucho.
Video: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=8HFiSUjEzVs -
While Brazil maintained its territorial integrity after independence, the former Spanish America split into more than a dozen separate countries, following the administrative divisions of the colonial system.
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https://m.youtube.com/results?q=brazil's independence history&sm=3 -
he central leaders of the 1895 Cuban revolution were Maximo Gomez, ,Calixto Garcia, and Jose Marti. Gomez (1836-1905), who had dedicated more than half of his life to make Cuba free, became the military leader of the Cuban revolution in 1895. Garcia (1839-1898), one of the best known Cuban insurgents, was an essential factor in the U.S. military's success in Cuba.
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Gomez (1836-1905), who had dedicated more than half of his life to make Cuba free, became the military leader of the Cuban revolution in 1895.
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On September 23, 1868, a group of nearly 1,000 men rose up against Spain and declared Puerto Rico’s independence from the colonial power.
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The central leaders of the 1895 Cuban revolution were Maximo Gomez, ,Calixto Garcia, and Jose Marti. Gomez (1836-1905), who had dedicated more than half of his life to make Cuba free, became the military leader of the Cuban revolution in 1895. Garcia (1839-1898), one of the best known Cuban insurgents, was an essential factor in the U.S. military's success in Cuba.
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Panama became a nation in 1903 when it broke away in away from columbia with help from the united states. In the 1950s a strong opposition movement arose in cuba. led by fidel castro the movement aimed to overthrow the gov of the dictator fulgencio batista.
Video: https://m.youtube.com/results?q=panama independence history&sm=3 -
Fidel Castro's Communist government came to power in Cuba in 1959 and remained in control after the collapse of the Soviet Union despite deteriorating economic conditions. In El Salvador, the United States provided military aid to crush leftist guerrillas. The conflict subsided after at least 75,000 people died.
