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American pathologist Peyton Rous discovers the first cancer-causing virus. As a pathologist he made his seminal observation, that a malignant tumor (specifically, a sarcoma) growing on a domestic chicken could be transferred to another fowl simply by exposing the healthy bird to a cell-free filtrate, in 1911.In 1966 he was awarded a a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work.
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People were beginning to see what could be done with bio tech
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Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
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Penicillin is mass-produced in microbes for the first time.
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DNA is made in a test tube for the first time.
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help people with their decisions on economic and policy issues related to agriculture, food, farming, natural resources, and rural development
-Biotech: address economic issues related to the marketing, labeling, and trading of biotechnology-derived products -
-Their mission is to protect human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations
-Regulate new biotechnology crops to ensure these crops don't harm the environment, including other plant and animal species -
-Protect animal health, animal welfare, and plant health
-Determine whether a genetically engineered organism is safe for the environment and that it is safe to use in agriculture -
Recombinant human insulin is produced for the first time.
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-Worldwide innovative therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, hemophilia and autoimmune disorders
-Trusted source for multiple sclerosis therapies, discovered the world’s most prescribed treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis -
Human growth hormone is synthesized for the first time.
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The United States is certified polio-free by the International Commission for the Certification of Polio Eradication.
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Smallpox is globally eradicated following 20-year mass vaccination effort.
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The U.S. Supreme Court approves the principle of patenting organisms, which allows the Exxon oil company to patent an oil-eating microorganism.
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-Devoted to patients who suffer from serious illnesses by discovering, developing and manufacturing innovative human therapeutics. They use tools like advanced human genetics to understand the basics of human biology.
-Amgen R&D contains therapies for hard to treat diseases that have helped over 25 million patients with cancer, kidney failure, blood and autoimmune disorders, as well as other diseases. -
Using modern tech to solidify and delve deeper into findings
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Scientists at Ohio University produce the first transgenic animals by transferring genes from other animals into mice.
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-Committed to bringing transformative therapies for patients with rare and special diseases
-Known for expertise with rare genetic diseases, lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), and have expanded to other disease areas such as, thyroid cancer and multiple sclerosis.
-Clinical trials to create treatments for people with LSDs who have no treatment options and MS treatments that could not only stop the progression of the disease, but also repair the damaged imm -
The first recombinant DNA vaccine for livestock is developed.
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The first biotech drug, human insulin produced in genetically modified bacteria, is approved by FDA. Genentech and Eli Lilly developed the product.
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-Danish companies Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium and Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium founded in 1923 and 1925
-Both companies started the production of insulin
-Both companies decided to merge in 1983 becoming Novo Nordisk
-Ever since then Novo Nordisk has had a leading position in diabetes care along with haemophilia care, growth hormone therapy and hormone replacement therapy. -
Genetic markers are found for kidney disease and cystic fibrosis.
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The first recombinant vaccine for humans, a vaccine for hepatitis B, is approved.
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basic federal policy for regulating the development and introduction of products derived from biotechnology
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-Global integrated biopharmaceutical company primarily focused on innovative therapies that are designed to treat patients with cancer and immune-inflammatory related diseases
-More than 300 clinical trials studying investigational compounds for patients with incurable hematological and solid tumor cancers such as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and small cell lung cancer. -
-Researched-based biopharmaceutical company that develops and commercializes innovative medicines in areas of unmet medical needs.
-Focused on developing medications that advance the treatment of life-threatening diseases such as HIV/AIDS, liver diseases, cancer, and serious respiratory and cardiovascular conditions
-More than 200 active clinical trials assessing compounds with potential to become next-generation therapies -
The first pest-resistant corn, Bt corn, is produced.
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The first successful gene therapy is performed on a 4-year-old girl suffering from an immune disorder.
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The first gene linked to breast cancer is discovered.
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The first genetically engineered crop is commercialized.
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A sheep named Dolly in Scotland becomes the first animal cloned from an adult cell.
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The first gene associated with Parkinson’s disease is discovered.
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The time when businesses fund/make advances
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A diagnostic test allows quick identification of Bovine Spongicorm Encephalopathy (BSE, also known as “mad cow” disease) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
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Kenya is the first country to sign the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. This agreement was created to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health.
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EPA approves the first transgenic rootworm-resistant corn.
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China grants the world’s first regulatory approval of a gene therapy product, Gendicine (Shenzhen SiBiono GenTech), which delivers the p53 gene as a therapy for squamous cell head and neck cancer.
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The Human Genome Project completes sequencing of the human genome.
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UN Food and Agriculture Organization endorses biotech crops, stating biotechnology is a complementary tool to traditional farming methods that can help poor farmers and consumers in developing nations.
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The Energy Policy Act is passed and signed into law, authorizing numerous incentives for bioethanol development.
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FDA approves the recombinant vaccine Gardasil®, the first vaccine developed against human papillomavirus (HPV), an infection implicated in cervical and throat cancers, and the first preventative cancer vaccine.
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USDA grantsDow AgroSciences the first regulatory approval for a plant-made vaccine.
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FDA approves the H5N1 vaccine, the first vaccine approved for avian flu.
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-provide funding and program leadership for extramural research, higher education, and extension activities in food and agricultural biotechnology
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Global biotech crop acreage reaches 330 million acres.
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FDA approves the first genetically engineered animal for production of a recombinant form of human antithrombin.
