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Was the last pre-Islamic Persian Empire, ruled by the Sasanian Dynasty, was recognized as one of the two main powers in western Asia and Europe.
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is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems.
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was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
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was the predominantly Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania by its contemporaries
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started with the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
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started after the death of Muhammad and they each wanted different rulers.
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WAs the second of the four major Arab Caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
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is the Islamic Ummayad Caliphate's conquest of the Christian Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania, centered in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Was the third of the Islamic Caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid Dynasty of Caliphs, who built thier capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphs, but stoped ruling for a short period of time because of the Mongols in 1258
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were a Turco-Persian, Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East.
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were a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns, waged by much of Roman Catholic Europe, particularly the Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire.
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was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He led Islamic opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant.
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was the founder, ruler and emperor of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.
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is a term used to cover five short-lived Islamic kingdoms or sultanates of Turkic origin in medieval India.
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resulting in the vast Mongol Empire which covered much of Asia and Eastern Europe.
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modified versions that omit certain temporary provisions, including the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority.
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was a West African empire of the Mandinka from. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa
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Over time, mamluks became a powerful military caste in various Muslim societies. Particularly in Egypt, but also in the Levant, Iraq, and India, mamluks held political and military power.
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Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history. It was located in Western Africa.
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Was the tenth mansa, which translates to "king of kings" or "emperor" of the Malian Empire. He was perhaps the wealthiest ruler of this day.
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was a fourteenth-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty in Central Asia
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was a series of wars waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou, for the French throne
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One of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history and was the last dynasty in china ruled by the ethnic Hans.
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This period in time marked the rebirth of humanism, and the revival of cultural achievements for their own sake in all forms of art, including music.
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He was an explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral, who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, refered as "Voyages of Zheng He"
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He was the first to make type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, which was critical for producing durable type that produced high-quality printed books and proved to be much better suited for printing than all other known materials.
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also known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus" he tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde over the Rus, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state
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Incas began a far-reaching expansion under the command of Pachacutec. He founded the Inca Empire or Tahuantinsuyo, which became the largest empire in pre-Columbian America
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The Aztec Empire of 1519 was the most powerful Mesoamerican kingdom of all time, This enormous empire reached from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf coast and from central Mexico to the present-day Republic of Guatemala.
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Was an imperial of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
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Was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money and first chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy.
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is the name coined by Nikolai Karamzin for the Medieval state of Russia. The state existed from approximately 880 to sometime in the middle of the 13th century when it disintegrated.
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was a realm that existed for about a millennium in Central Europe, ruled by a Holy Roman Emperor
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was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania, and Western Mali.
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Was an ephemeral imperial chinese dynasty which unified china in the 6th Centery.
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He was the king of the Frankish kingdom and expanded it into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy.
