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Constantinople was the former name of the city of Istanbul, Turkey. It is located on the frontier of Europe and Asia. The city was protected by a natural and man-made fortress. Three of the sides with cliffs, and on the fourth side they built up a defensive barrier. Unlike Rome, Constantinople had several industries producing luxury goods, military supplies, hardware, and textiles.
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Lasted from roughly 518-618. Was a powerful, but short-lived Imperial Chinese dynasty. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty. The emperor was Wen of Sui and he started the contrustion of the Grand Canal. They also as well improved on the Great Wall of China.
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Islam is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an. It's stated that Muhhamed is the prophet and they have the five pillars. Muslims are the believers and they think that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including through Abraham, Moses and Jesus, whom they consider prophets.
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Umayyad Caliphate: The second Islamic caliphate, which was founded in Arabia after the Prophet Muhammad's death. The Umayyads ruled the Islamic world from Damascus between 661 and 750 A.D., when the caliphate was overthrown by the founder of the Abbasid Caliphate.
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Hispania was the Latin name given to the whole Iberian Peninsula (covering the territories of present day Spain and Portugal), and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. After the defeat of Roderick, the Visigoth dominion over the Iberian peninsula folded and fell apart from the Northern coast of Spain, and the province of Septimania,, all areas previously under the rule of the Visigoths were under Islamic rule. They had the power and were eager to take over.
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It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate. They experienced the Golden Age, and grew in philosophy and tecnology advances. The Abbasid caliphate was founded by the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's youngest uncle.
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The crusaders comprised military units of Roman Catholics from all over western Europe, and were not under unified command.The crusades were a series of wars between Christian and Muslim states in the Middle East, lasting intermittently from 1095 to 1291. The First Crusade (crusade meaning "marked by the cross") was called for by Pope.
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Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty. He led Muslim opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, his sultanate included Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, Yemen, and parts of North Africa.
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He was the founder and Great Khan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He created one of the largest empirers of all times. He had many campaigns and they resulted in negative affects. By the time he died, the empire had convered much territory but couldn't hold up.
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Refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India. The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. the Delhi Sultans began to weaken. There were a lot of rebellions and civil wars, and by 1351 southern India regained its independence as a Hindu state. They were had outside forces such as the Mongols.
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The Mongols conquered much territory consting of Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia, Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe. They were strong overall and had a lot of power. They had a great leader Genhis Khan and his people. At the end, the Mongols got to big for themselves to handle and eventually collasped.
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It set down rights which became part of English law and which are now the foundation of the constitution of all countries which speak English. It did not grant any new rights, but it did protect existing rights in writing. These rights included the basic right of anyone convicted of a crime to a jury trial; protection of private property; reasonable limits on taxes and a degree of guaranteed religious freedom. The Magna Carta was a significant influence on the long historical process.
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They were a military class which ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1517 and Syria (including Palestine) from 1260 to 1516. Basiclly this class gained independence from Ottamans and had to be faced by other forces. They had power in Egypt. Mamluks were proud of their origin as slaves and only those who were purchased were eligible to attain the highest positions.
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The Aztecs were culturally developed in music, arts, crafts, and the sciences. Music played an important role in Aztec religious rituals for worshiping their many gods. In this famous city, the government controlled and was responsible for punishment, agriculture, and all aspects of the civilization’s economy. They were generally stable.
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This empire has the capital of Constantinople. When the western half of the Roman Empire fell in 476, the Eastern half survived and thrived. This Eastern half of the Roman Empire later became known as the Byzantine Empire. They are significant in Preservation of Roman and Greek Culture. Religion known as Christianity since it was under Rome before.
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The Seljuks were a tribe of Tartars from Central Asia who established a powerful empire in Persia. They also captured Baghdad. The Seljuks played a major role in the Middle Ages in defending the Islamic world against the Crusaders, and conquering large parts of the Byzantine Empire.
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Musa was a Muslim and his pilgrimage to Mecca, a command ordained by Allah according to core teachings of Islam, made him well-known across northern Africa and the Middle East. To Musa, Islam was the foundation of the "cultured world of the Eastern Mediterranean". He would spend much time fostering the growth of Islam in his empire. He dearly dedicated himself to the growing and fostering. He ended up dying on his return from Mecca.
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Was a series of separate conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne. All this caused were more disputes and hurting the economy due to the expenses of the wars.
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Sunni refers to the sunnas. Sunnis believe that the position of Caliph should be a position to which one is elected by the religious leaders of the Islamic community, and not dependent on direct lineage from Mohammed. The Shiites did not agree on the elected Caliphs (who followed Prophet Muhammad after his death). They believed that the Caliphs should only be within Prophet Muhammad descendants and family. After Muhammads death, tention began to build and a split finally occured.
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Lasted roughly from 1368-1644. The Ming empire was described as one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history. They built a stong navy and stading army of one million troops. The Ming also stimulated trade with Portuguese.
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He was a Turkic Mongol, who conquered the west, south, and central Asia. He is seen as a controversal figure, in which he sought to restore the Mongol Empire. He took part in campaigns in Transoxiana with the Khan of Chagatai, a fellow descendant of Genghis Khan. Basiclly the was engaged in wars and many expeditions.
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He was an explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, East Africa. Zheng He generally sought to attain his goals through diplomacy. He experienced many voyages around 7. He had sea-based trading links. He finaly died on his last treasue voyage, and has a tomb in China, but its empty, he was burried at sea.
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This was a time period of cultural movement with new ideas speading to Europe. Ideas of humanism, art, science, a lot of advancemnt ocurred during this time period. It had originally began in Italy but eventually spead out.
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This invention is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon paper or cloth, thereby transferring the ink. It is usually used for texts, the most common. It helped move ideas being able to have it out and expose writting.
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The Incas dominated a large area of land in what is now modern day Peru. They lacked a written language, but were pioneers in early phonograph recordings. Incas were more agriculturally advanced, having developed a system of irrigation to rival their European counterparts.
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He was an absolute ruler, but he often met the needs of his people. His grandson, Ivan the Terrible, did the complete opposite. He basically ignored his people cries for help and only wanted to conquer and control. He trippled Russia's land, he just wanted to expand and grow in power.
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The Mayans were incredibly advanced scientifically. Mayans sacrificed humans, including children who they believed to be pure. Art was especially skillful and renown in foreign lands. They also created a calender.
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The Sassanids consciously sought to resuscitate Iranian traditions and to obliterate Greek cultural influence. Their rule was characterized by considerable centralization, ambitious urban planning, agricultural development, and technological improvements. Zoroastrianism for this empire became their religion.
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Lasted from around 960 to 1279 CE. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty also saw the first known use of gunpowde, moveable type was seem.
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The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in western Europe from 800 to 1806. It was initially known as the Empire in the West. The Holy Roman Empire was an attempt to revive the Western Roman Empire
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Lasted roughly from 618-907. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire. The Tang Dynasty was largely a period of progress and stability. The Tang Dynasty maintained a civil service system by drafting officials through standardized examinations and recommendations to office. Belivers in Buddhism.
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Charlemagne was determined to bring order to Europe. During his reign he sent out more than 50 military expeditions. He rode as commander at the head of at least half of them. He moved his armies over wide reaches of country with unbelievable speed, but every move was planned in advance. He was very skilled and knew exactly what he wanted. An intelligent man who came to die in 814.
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Was a medieval polity in Europe, from the late 9th to the mid 13th century, when it disintegrated under the pressure of the Mongol invasion of 1237–1240. The end of the Viking age, the state declined beginning in the late 11th and during the 12th century, disintegrating into various rival regional powers. It was further weakened by economic factors such as the collapse of Rus' commercial ties to Byzantium due to the decline of Constantinople.
