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James Watt perfects steam engine
The steam engine allowed for massive more efficient use of power and allowed for greater production in factories and more efficient transportation in the form of steam boats. This connects to Key Concept 5.1 as the steam engine was an industrial innvention that allowed for greater production of goods. -
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Reign of King Louis XVI
King Louis was XVI was the final king of France, and as an inefficient ruler he coud neither reform France enough to satisfy the people's demands nor stop creating debt which greatly weakened the country. This connects to Key Concept 5.3 because it shows that failure by leaders to reform when neccessary could turn the people against them and result in a full-scale revolution like the FRench Revolution. -
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American Revolution
The American Revolution was the conflict between the British and the colonies in what is now the U.S. Arising largely from unrest over taxation without representation, the Aerican Revolution connects to Key Concepts 5.3 and 5.2 because it was what led to the formation of a new nation-state andit was a full scale revolution against British rule. -
Spinning Mule
The spinning mule was a mechanical device used in the cotton industry for weaving, and was adapted to work with steam power so that it could produce hundreds of times the amount a basic spinning wheel could produce. This connects to Key Concept 5.1 because the spinning mule was a product of industrialization and was integrated into the industrialization of the cotton industry. -
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Simon Bolivar
Simon Bolivar was the leader of Gran Columbia for a time and he tried, with much difficulty, to maintain a federation of states between the smaller South American counrties. This connects to Key Concept 5.2 because although he failed, Bolivar brought the various ethnic groups under one federation for a time. -
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French Revolution
The French Revolution is important because it was really the first large nationalist movement in Europe.The revolution caused the removal of the monarchy, the creation of a constitutional state, and the precedent for nationalist movements in the future. This connects to Key Concept 5.2 and 5.3 because it is essentialy the creation of a new nation-state, and it was a middle class driven nationalist revolution with long lasting influences. -
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Haitian Revolution
THe Haitian Revolution was the only successful slave revolt in the history of the world and displayed the power of an organized nationalist movement on a small scale. It connects to Key Concepts 5.2 and 5.3 as it was a ethnic nationalist movement that created a new nation-state that was independent of its old rulers. -
Cotton Gin invented
The cotton gin was a major part of the industrialization of the cotton industry since it mechanized the process and was easily repairable thanks to interchangeable parts. This connects to Key Concept 5.1 becuase it was a major part of industrialism in America and allowed for further advancement of cotton production tech. -
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Reign of Napolean
After the French Revolution, Napoleon took overn the National Assembly and began a campaign to expand France's borders and conquer other European states. His campaign inspired more nationalism in France and, outside of France, states were broken apart and then rearranged during the Congress of Vienna. This connects to Key Concept 5.2 because Napoleon used radiant nationalism to support his campaign, which in turn inspired nationalism in reaction to the French in other countries like Germany. -
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Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts instigated by Napoleon. It was backed by nationalist support after the French Revolution and led to the truncation of their borders, and the redistribution of pwer in Europe at the Congress of Vienna. This connects to Key Concept 5.3 because the wars were backed by nationalist ideas and arose after the French revolution and can been seen as an extension of it. -
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Wars of Independence in Latin America
The Wars of Independence in Latin America were a series of revolutions ahgainst foreign rule from Europe. While they weren't necessarily nationalist, the wars were driven by a reaction to the early imperialism of the European nations and created new, free states in Latin America. This connects to Key Concepts 5.2 and 5.3 because the wars were a response to imperialism, and led to the new states in the West after the revolutions. -
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Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was hekd to redistribute the power in Europe after Napleon's grab at power. It connects to Key Concept 5.2 because it established a lot of the nation-states which would become problematic later, in the next century, and failed at establishing a true balance of power in Europe. -
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War of Greek Independence
The War of Greek Independence was a conflict between the Greek and the Ottomans. The Greeks wanted to become a sovreign nation and began to resist Ottoman rule and eventually were able to separate from the Ottoman Empire.
This connects to Key Concepts 5.2 and 5.3 because it was a largely nationalist movement that resulted in independence and a new nation-state in the Balkans. -
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Opium War
The Opium War erupted in China between the British and Chinese because the British demanded the right to continue to trade opium with China, even though it was illegal in China. The conflict led to the Europeans carving out spheres of influence in China after it was defeated and opened up through unequal treaties. This connects to Key Concept 5.2 because it was a result of British imperialism and the necessity for the expansion of the global economy into Asia. -
Publishing of the Communist Manifesto
The Communist Maifesto was a document that influenced a lot of nations, but in this context it is seen as a drastic reaction to the growth of capitalism. This connects to KEy Concept 5.1 because it is a direct reaction to capitalism and shos that not everyone supported the new economic and social principles it encouraged. -
Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention
The Seneca Falls convention was a meeting of women's rights activists that ended in a write up of a list of greviances concerning women's rights in the U.S. This connects to Key Concept 5.3 because it was a reform movement in America and promoted somewhat drastic change in the states. -
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Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was a movement against the Qing Dynasty and held very radical ideas of how the Chinese should change the government, society, culture and other things. This connects to Key Concept 5.3 because it was a strong movement against the established nation and wanted radical reform and a revolutions. -
Bessemer Process developed
The Bessemer process made steel a much cheaper resource to produce and the quantities of steel produced grew immensely. This connects to Key concept 5.1 as the new process was a product of industrialism and further feuled industrial nations as well. -
Sepoy Rebellion
The Sepoy Rebellion was a conflict between the Indian sepoys who were working with the British, and the British themselves. The conflict erupted after outrage over the use of certain animal fats that the Indian religions found repulsive. This connects to Key Concept 5.2 because the rebellion was a response to the dominance of British imperialism. -
"The Origin of Species" published
"The Origin of Species" was published by biologist Charles Darwin but was used for much more than science. The book was usedas justification for the exploitation of certain races by the Europeans, and was also used as a justification of capitalist ideas, especially when related to the idea that only the fittest survive. This connects to Key Concept 5.1 as the books was used to justify imperialism and capitalism in the global economy. -
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Construction of the Suez Canal
The Suez Canal served a similar purpose to the Panama Canal and really facilitated easier control of empires and lowered the cost of trade since goods didn't have to go around Africa to reach Europe or Asia, depending on from whence it was comming. This connects to Key Concept 5.2as the canal allowed for the contnuing power of empires across large areas of the world. -
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Unification of Italy
The unification of Italy was a nationalist movement backed by two separate regions for the same cause, to unite the states of Italy under one banner. This connects to Key Concepts 5.2 and 5.3 because it was a huge nationalist movement that established a new state. -
Emancipation of Russian Serfs
The emancipation of the Russian Serfs is important in this time period because it reflects Russia's move towards a more modern, industrial society because by emancipating a large working class there was more of a labor force available to work in industry in Russia and produce more agriculture now that they were free to own land. This connects to Key Concept 5.3 because it is an important reform enacted by the Russian government to try to become more relevant in the global economy. -
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Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany was a massive nationalist movement spurred on by the idea of blood and iron being the necessary tools for a nation to survive, an idea introduced by Otto von Bismarck. This connects tio Key Concept 5.3 because it was a nationalist movement that broughta huge portion of German speaking peoples under Prussian rule. -
Meiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration was a movement in Japan initiated by emperor Meiji who recognized the failure of the Tokugawa sogunate and reformed the entire Japanese system. The Restoration includedsocial reform, a constitution, a move towards industrialism, and an opening up of Japan to foreign influences. This connects to Key Concept 5.3 as it was a period of major reform for the Japanese and alowed for them to become a powerful new industrial nation. -
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Berlin West Africa Conference
The Berlin West Africa conference is the eeting which Europeans held in order to decide how the lands of Africa would be divided among themselves so as to avoid massive conflict and to "protect" the existing populations of Africa. The agreements of the Berlin West Africa Conference connect to Key Concepts 5.2 and 5.1 because it was a prime example of the imperialist tendencies of the Europeans and a show of the power of industialism and how the whole world was going to be economically tied. -
Indian National Congress founded
THe Indian National Congress was created so as to counteract the total dominance that the British had over India. THe Congress was given some degree of say in the governing of India, and was comprised of Indians of the upper class who represented the ideas of the population at large. THis connects to Key Concept 5.3 becasue since Britain was allowing some influence from the Indians in their own rule, it was an important reform for Indians. -
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Boer War
THe Boer War was a conflict between the British coloners who took over Cape Town and the previously settled Dutch Afrikaners. The conflict was largely over land distribution, and many black Africans were involved of both European sides. The Boer War connects to Key Concept 5.2 as it displays Britiain's imperialist desires and the extent to which they will go to stablize rule in their imperialist holdings. -
Boxer Rebellion
The Boser Rebellion was the final starw that broke the Qing Dynasty. An antiforeign rebellion against the Japanese, American and European powers, the rebellion was a failure that led to the ultimate fall of the dynastic cycle in China. This connects to Key Concept 5.3 because it is a rebellion, and though it failed, it showed to widespread support against foregin interaction, and caused nationalist rebellions against the Qing dynasty as well. -
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Construction of the Panama Canal
The Panama Canal was constructed under the supervision of the Unisted States and eventually facilitated easy access from the Pacific Ocean to the Carribbean Sea and the Atlantic. This drastically improved the ability of empires to maintain rule over imperialist holdings around the world. This connects to Key Concept 5.2 because ithe construction of the Panama Canal was due to imperialism by the U.S. and it facilitaed imperialism as well. -
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Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War, and Japan's vctory in it, established Japan as a new industrial power, strong enough to rival a perennial European power like Russia. This connects to Key Concept 5.1 because the reason Japan was so powerful was that they had industrialized the nation and were technologically ahead of Russia by the time the conflict erupted. -
All-India Muslim League founded
The All-India Muslim League was created to promote the relevant interets of the Muslim population in India which was about 25% of the total Indian population. Its founding connects to Key Concept 5.2 because it is a form of Nationalism for the Indian Muslims to create their own political group to promote their interests. -
Henry Ford introduces assembly line
The introduction of the assembly line by Henry fRod testifies to the ingenuity of the industrial era. It made production a much cheaper process and required workers to have next to no skill meaning anyone, even children, could work tese new assembly line jobs. THis connects to Key Concept 5.1 as it is a result of industrialism in America and further progresses it as the assembly line idea spread to other places