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The Bering Strait Land Bridge (Beringia) connects siberia to North America. It is believed that the natives crossed the bridge and then settled into North America.
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They are one of the First Nation groups.
- They lived in the St. Lawrence valley and the lowlands.
- Their social organization was Sedentary Matriarchal.
- Their primary food source came from agriculture and hunting
- They lived in longhouses
- They had a population of about 5,300- 10,000 people -
They are one of the First Nations groups.
- They lived in the Canadian Shield
- Their social organization was nomadic patriarchal
- Their primary food source came from hunting and gathering
- They lived in wigwams (tipis)
- They had a population of about 12,000-20,000 people -
They are one of the First Nations groups.
- Their social organization was nomadic patriarchal
- Their primary food source came from hunting and gathering
- They lived in igloos or wigwams -
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He went on three voyages to North America. He was looking for a route to Asia, precious minerals/ materials and he was to claim land for the king of France.
- He 1st travelled through the Golf of St. Lawrence
- On his 2nd voyage, he travelled through the St. Lawrence river and he encountered the F.N.P. at Stadacona and Hochelaga.
- On his 3rd voyage in 1541, he tried to settle land, but his plan did not work out because of harsh winters and the death of most of his crew.
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He went on four voyages to North America.
- He settled Quebec city, which used to be Stadacona.
- Champlain made alliances with the amerindiens for fur trade. At the time, the Algonquins were fighting with the iroquoians who viewed France as an enemy.
- In 1634, he settled trois-rivières
- In 1642, he settled Ville-Marie which would later become mtl.
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It was active from 1608 to 1760
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Land is granted to lords (seigneurs) by the King of France. These lands are called seigneuries. Peasants (censitaires) work, rent and live on the land.
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Rich merchants were granted a trading monopoly in exchange for financing their own trips to New France. This was great for the merchants because it took away most competition. In return, the King of France wanted these merchants to bring settlers with them to New France. Unfortunately, they failed because of these reasons:
- War between France/ Britain
- Expected to bring settlers (must protect them for a year)
- Profits went back to the company not in bringing/ protecting settlers -
It was settled by Samuel de Champlain in 1634
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It was settled by Samuel de Champlain in 16423
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He was the first intendant in New France and was sent by King Louis XIV. He was to increase immigration in the colony. He used three ways to attract a new population: 1.Free land given to soldiers if they agreed to stay in N.F. after their service.
a.(Engages→ workers/trade ppl and Soldiers)
2.Filles du roi 3.Incentives
a.$ for every baby
b.punishments/ fines if you are not married -
Women from France known as the king's orphans were sent to New France with a dowry and a chance ro marry and have children. They were a solution to populating New France.
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The Seven Year war (1756-1763) brought an end to New France and the colony fell to the hands to the British.
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The British Regime was active from 1760 to 1867.
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The official document that is signed which gives new france to the british. The colony is no longer called New France, but now the Province of QC. English laws and anglican church were introduced to the territory in order to attract british colonists and Catholicism and french law were no longer allowed.
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The Province is expanded. The oath of allegiance is replaced with one that no longer makes reference to protestante faith. There is now free practice of catholic faith. The use of the french civil laws is restored, but the english criminal laws still maintained.
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In 1776 the 13 colonies declare independence from british control, bt many ppl still remain loyal and move to british north america.
They are called loyalists. The revolution lasted from 1775 to 1783. -
New lands open up for loyalists entering Canada. They colonize the eastern townships region of the Province of QC. Townships are pieces of square land and were offered to loyalists tax free. - Between 1775 and 1812 about 15 000 loyalists came to British North America They also divided British North America into Upper Canada
(Ontario) - mainly English Canadian and lower canada
(QC) - mainly French Canadian. -
This act united both lower canada into one territory. English became the official language. The french now found themselves as minorities. A french canadian rebel group called the Patriotes wanted better representation for french speaking ppl and businessmen, but they were defeated by the english speaking Canadians.
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Between 1845 and 1852 there was a period of mass starvation in Ireland. The main food source was potatoes and a disease made the potatoes not fit to eat. Approx. 1 million people died and 1 million emigrated. Grosse-Île was used as a quarantine area to prevent disease from spreading in British North America.
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Under the British North America Act, the Provinces of Qc, New Brunswick, Ontario and Nova Scotia join together to create the Dominion of Canada.
