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Attendance
The average lifetime school attendance less than 82 days. -
Thomas Jefferson
Proposed a Bill that would require all non-slave students to attend school for 3 years. -
Noah Webster
Created the Blue backed speller. It was designed to teach the students about the United States. -
Emma Hart
Advocated higher education for woman -
Horace Mann
Believed education was important for democracy and that teachers should be considered professionals. -
John Hughes
Wanted city funds for Catholic schools. Led to the great school debates. -
Catherine Beecher
Published "A Treatise on Domestic Economy". Believed a woman's proper role was at home. -
Frederick Douglas
Believed that education could bring freedom to all. -
John Hughes
Became archbishop and founded Catholic schools. -
Law
In Massachusetts schools became integrated after a law was passed banning segregation. -
Percentage
Only 6% of 17 year old graduated high school. 50% of children were in school an average of 5 years. -
William A. Wirt
Wanted students to move around and have a rich school experience. He helped found The Gary Plan/Work-Study. -
children
Over 2 million children were working across America. -
John Purroy MItchel
put The Gary plan into action in 30 New York schools, which drove to violent controversy. -
Theodore Roosevelt
former President, called for English only curriculum. -
English
35 states required instruction in English only. -
Ellwood P. Cubberley
pioneered the use of the school survey as an instrument to improve education. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
John Scopes was accused of teaching evolution in violation of Tennessee law. -
Pierce v. Society of sisters
Established legitimacy of parochial and private schools. -
Child labor
Law banned child labor and made it mandatory for children to attend school until at least age 16. -
Lewis Terman
Popularized IQ testing in the classroom. Believed that intelligence test could help better America. -
West Virginia State Board of Eduation V Barnette
Ruled that students can not be forced to recite the Pledge of Allegiance due to the first Amendment. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Court declared separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Little Rock
Central High school called for the National Guard to escort students to class after huge controversy over desegregation. -
Julian Nava
Led fight to ban IQ test in Los Angeles. -
Engel Vs Vitale
Public schools are no longer allowed to have prayer services during school hours -
Lyndon Johnson
Believed education an equal chance at education meant an equal chance at life. -
Abiington v Schemp
Ruled that the Bible could not be read in schools unless used as a piece of literature. -
Civil Rights Act
Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Set to strengthen education resources and increase federal funds. -
Bilingual Eduation Act
Provided funding for language Iinstruction -
Jose Angel Gutierrez
Helped empower Chicano students draw a list of demands to the school board demanding equal rights. -
Tinker V Des Moines Indendent School District
Students have the right to express their opinion on controversial issues as long as it does not disrupt the educational process. -
Busing
Became a lawful remedy for segregation. -
Lemon Law
Test used to determine whether or not we are entangled in religion. -
Integration
91% of Southern black children attended integrated schools. -
Title IX
Modeled after the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It prohibited federal grants to schools or programs that discriminated on basis of gender. -
Bilingual
Teaching materials were printed in nearly 70 different languages. -
Dorothy Raffel
Filed law suit charging the government with failure to enforce Title IX. -
IDEA
Education for All Handicapped Children Act is passed -
Choice
Junior High students in East Harlem were allowed to choose students whether alternative or regular school. -
A Nation at Risk
Report of President Ronald Reagan's National Commission on Excellence in Education. It contributed to the assertion that American schools were failing. -
Testing Practices
Standardized test adopted for each grade level. -
Bethel v. Fraser
Allowed for schools to reprimand and punish students for lewd or indecent behavior if it disrupted the learning environment. -
Hazelwood v Kuhlemier
States that administrators are to monitor and control the content of all school sponsored publications and activities. -
Vouchers
George Bush allowed vouchers for low income students to attend private schools at tax paying expense. -
Homeschool legalized
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Flores v Aizona
Students claimed that the state failed to adequately fund programs for English language learners. -
Vouchers Part 2
It was declared that vouchers for religious schools violated the separation of Church & State. -
Charted Schools
Charter schools in Arizona become a new form of public education. -
Kinder
I started kindergarten at Avondale elementary school. -
Columbine High school
Two Columbine High School students go on a killing spree that leaves 15 dead and 23 wounded at the Littleton, Colorado school, making it the nations' deadliest school shooting incident. Schools tighten safety procedures as a result of the Columbine massacre. -
Santa Fe school district v. Doe
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the district's policy of allowing student-led prayer prior to football games violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. -
No Child Left Behind Act
Mandates high-stakes student testing, holds schools accountable for student achievement levels, and provides penalties for schools that do not make adequate yearly progress toward meeting the goals of NCLB. -
American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009
Provides more than 90-billion dollars for education, nearly half of which goes to local school districts to prevent layoffs and for school modernization and repair. -
Highschool
I graduated from Trevor Browne high school. -
Transgender
The Minnesota State High School League votes on December 4 to adopt a policy allowing transgender students to join female sports teams. -
Restrooms
The federal government tells school districts "to allow transgender students to use the bathroom that matches their gender identity." Though the directive is not a law, districts that do not comply could face lawsuits or lose federal aid.
