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On this day, Adolf Hitler announces an “Anschluss” (union) between Germany and Austria, in fact annexing the smaller nation into a greater Germany.
(http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hitler-announces-an-anschluss-with-austria) -
Italy conquered Ethiopia
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Italy, Germany, England and France gather up to discuss HItler's moves
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hitler-appeased-at-munich -
Polish intelligence smuggles out Enigma -- the German code making machine. Allows the English to know about some of the German plans in advance
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US starts working on the Manhattan Project after receiving information in 1939 that Germany is building one
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-Mussolini and Hitler formalize their political, military and ideological plans
– Will help each other out in times of war
– Alliance for 10 years
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Agreement between Nazi Germany and Communist Soviet Union.
--Agreed that they wouldn’t fight each other and
would respect borders for 10 years
--Secretly agreed to divide Poland and the rest of
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Hitler launches Plan White September and invades Poland.
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England and France declare war on Germany after he invades Poland. However, they are unable to do anything to help Poland. Start of "Phony War" -- no action take on either side
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--FDR persuades Congress to allow policy of cash and carry for weapons to be available to democracies
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-- US ships must stay out of the designated war zone -
Hitler Attacks Frace
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France had surrendered in june
• France was divided in 2
– Northern France occupied by Germans
– Southern France was independent but ruled by a pro German government Philippe Petaine -
England prepares for the upcoming attack. rationing take place, start building up the military and RAF
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on June 4, 1940, the evacuation of Allied forces from Dunkirk on the Belgian coast ends as German forces capture the beach port. The nine-day evacuation, the largest of its kind in history and an unexpected success, saved 338,000 Allied troops from capture by the Nazis.
The evacuated forces were mostly English. The french stayed and were destroyed
(http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/dunkirk-evacuation-ends) -
Congress passes the Export Control Act, forbidding the exporting of aircraft parts, chemicals, and minerals without a license. This prohibition was a reaction to Japan’s occupation of parts of the Indo-Chinese coast.
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--Fought largely in the skies between the air forces
--Not as devastating as hitler anticipated
--boosted English morale
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Through this deal, the United States transferred destroyers to the British Navy in exchange for leases for British naval and air bases.
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--Hitler orders heavy bombing of London in retaliation for English air raids on Berlin and Munich
-- took pressure off RAF and allowed them to reorganize and rebuilt
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Mussolini sends in troops into Egypt
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1st peacetime draft in the US history
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– Germany, Italy and Japan vow to support the others if attacked -
FDR ordered for black units to be organized in every branch of military
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FDR declares that the US should become “the great warehouse for the Allies”
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By allowing the transfer of supplies without compensation to Britain, China, the Soviet Union and other countries, the act permitted the United States to support its war interests without being overextended in battle.
(http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/lend-lease-act) -
--largest military operation in history
--code name ; operation Barbarossa
- -Luftwaffe quickly gained air superiority and helped tanks and infantry to punch holes through the Soviet front lines -
Banns employment discrimination according to race, gender, religious beliefs
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The siege of Leningrad, also known as the 900-Day Siege though it lasted a grueling 872 days, resulted in the deaths of some one million of the city’s civilians and Red Army defenders.
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An attack on Moscow. at first th eNazis are successful but are slowed down. Static front until 1943
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Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary join the Axis Powers
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Japanese attack Pearl Harbor forcing USA to be much more involved in the WWII. devastating
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during this time Japan in unstoppable.
--Japan rushing to build a defensive perimeter for protection
--Quickly dominated Singapore, Malaya, Hong Kong, Thailand, Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake Islandls -
(http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-wannsee.htm)
15 top Nazi bureaucrats met to coordinate the Final Solution (Endlösung) in which the Nazis would attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe, an estimated 11 million persons. -
allowed to call West Coast, a military area. By June, more than 110,000 Japanese Americans were relocated to remote internment camps built by the U.S. military in scattered locations around the country. For the next two and a half years, many of these Japanese Americans endured extremely difficult living conditions and poor treatment by their military guards.
(http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roosevelt-signs-executive-order-9066) -
the Philippines are taken over by the Japanese
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•--long range attack Japan
• does not accomplish much military , however the morale of americans is boosted -
Japan was prevented from invading New Guinea and Australia by the US military. Fought only in the sky
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An important turning point in the Pacific campaign, the victory allowed the United States and its allies to move into an offensive position.
(http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-midway) -
--Hitler divides forces he sent to the Ukraine and sends troops to Stalingrad
--Against Hitler’s order, German commander Paulus
surrenders
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad)
considered a turn-around point -
1st major offensive for Allied forces – army and navy
– Chosen b/c Japanese were building an airbase which US didn’t want to be completed
– Also wanted to prevent fall of Australia -
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein)
Britain vs Germany
• German units worn down gradually
• Rommel told Hitler he had to retreat, Hitler forbids
him but Rommel does it anyway
• Rommel retreats 1000 miles -
Meeting between FDR And Churchill
• Agree to the unconditional surrender of the AxisPowers
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the Allies invade Italy, the resistance falls quickly
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another island taken in the US's island hopping campaign against Japan.
In the Battle of Tarawa (November 20-23, 1943) during World War II (1939-45), the U.S. began its Central Pacific Campaign against Japan by seizing the heavily fortified, Japanese-held island of Betio in the Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands.
(http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-tarawa) -
1st meeting of the “big three”: FDR, Churchill and Stalin
• Decision made to go ahead with cross-channel invasion of Europe Operation Overlord -
US War Department imposes a draft on all Japanese American men
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(http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=312)
the four-month long campaign for Cassino cost the Allies about 55,000 casualties. Though defeated, the Germans suffered only about 20,000 casualties. -
Hitler’s last ditch effort
• Launched offensive on the US positions
• US forces retreated in disarray
• Luck runs out for Germans
Germany is defeated -
Allies liberate the 1st Axis capital
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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saipan)
In Jun 1944, the Americans invaded the Japanese Mariana Islands. 29,000 Japanese troops were killed in the defense of the main island Saipan. -
The defendants, who included Nazi Party officials and high-ranking military officers along with German industrialists, lawyers and doctors, were indicted on such charges as crimes against peace and crimes against humanity.
(http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/nuremberg-trials) -
• Final meeting of the “Big Three”
• Agreed Germany would be divided into 4
occupation zones
• Stalin agreed to enter the Pacific War within 3 months of German’s surrender
• Stalin wants a buffer zone in Eastern Europe -
1st attack on the Japan home island
75 days of naval and air bombardment before attack even launched
(http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=12) -
The battle of Okinawa, also known as Operation Iceberg, took place in April-June 1945. It was the largest amphibious landing in the Pacific theater of World War II. It also resulted in the largest casualties with over 100,000 Japanese casualties and 50,000 casualties for the Allies. This article gives an account of the 80 day plus battle for the Island of Okinawa which some have described as the “typhoon of steel”.
(http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-okinawa-operation-iceberg.htm) -
Hitler commits suicide because the loss is so evident
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Berlin is under Soviet's control after they enter the city in April 25th
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The European Victory Day
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at TRINITY SITE near ALAMOGORDO, NEW MEXICO, scientists of the Manhattan Project readied themselves to watch the detonation of the world's first atomic bomb. The device was affixed to a 100-foot tower and discharged just before dawn. No one was properly prepared for the result.
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An atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima. 1 out of the two atomic bombs gone.
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another bomb is dropped on Japan because it will not surrender.
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Japan’s formal surrender took place aboard the U.S.S. Missouri, anchored in Tokyo Bay. Coming several months after the surrender of Nazi Germany, Japan’s capitulation in the Pacific brought six years of hostilities to a final and highly anticipated close.
(http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/v-j-day)
