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1492
Columbus lands at Hispanola
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1496
First Spanish Colony
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1512
encomienda system established
it was a system that was influenced by and also somewhat created the casta system. gave spanish colonizers native labour in exchange for protection and religious instruction but it mostly resulted in forced labor -
1520
90% of natives die due to european illnesses
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first english colony
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jamestown
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house of burgees
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mayflower compact
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plymouth (pilgrims)
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massachusetts bay established (puritans)
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navigation acts
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bacon's rebellion
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the enlightenment
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Salem Witch Trials
leads to enlightenment bc that shit was crazy -
Virginia slave codes
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Period: to
great awakening
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molasses act
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Period: to
Seven years war/French and Indian War
france and britain go to war (natives on both sides) over land (ohio river valley) Britain wins but run out of money so are unable to fight the natives on the land. -
pontiacs rebellion
native american rebellion against the british -
proclamation line of 1763
colonists can't go past the appalachian mountains per the British proclamation (caused by 7 years war) -
sugar act, quartering act, stamp act
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boston massacre
americans fed up with british taxes and housing soldiers, colonists throwing rocks at british soldiers, soldiers shot 4 colonists -
boston tea party
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first continental congress
Still wanted to remain british subjects, Influenced by the ideas of enlightenment (natural rights and social contract) -
Period: to
Revolutionary War
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declaration of independence and common sense
written by thomas jefferson -
battle of yorktown
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articles of the confederation
wanted a weak central gov
decided everyone had to agree to pass anything -
treaty of paris
formerly ended the war -
northwest ordinance
came from articles of the confederation
any new land had to be a new state, states cant get bigger, no slavery in the northwest territories
first part of containing slavery -
3/5ths compromise
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constitution
NJ wanted every state to have equal votes
Virginia wanted equal representation
agreed on compromise, created senate and house -
judiciary act
created supreme court for appeals about constitutional matters -
bill of rights
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Period: to
second great awakening
widespread Protestant religious revival
emphasized individual conversion and moral action, leading to a surge in church membership and the formation of new denominations. This revival also fueled various reform movements, including those related to abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights -
cotton gin invented
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proclamation of neutrality
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washington farewell address
- warns against political parties and foreign affairs (getting involved with europe)
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revolution of 1800
transition of power between political parties -
Thomas Jefferson is elected
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marbury v. madison
created process of judicial review, allowed supreme court to say laws are unconstitutional -
louisiana purchase
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lewis and clark expedition
westward expansion -
Period: to
war of 1812
against britain
after we were entirely separate from britain
nationalism
federalist party died out -
missouri compromise
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Period: to
Market Revolution
cotton gin, spinning machine
connection of western and southern farms
industrialization
assembly lines became a thing
building of canals and railroads -
Monroe doctrine
declared western hemisphere free from european influence -
john quincy adams
"corrupt bargain"
no candidate got majority votes so senate chose him -
Andrew Jackson's election
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Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears
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Period: to
Transcendentalism
- moral perfection/ human perfection
- often supported abolition/womens rights
- spiritual renuwal
- moral societal reformation
- mormons
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Period: to
Manifest destiny + US expansion
- belief that god wants to expand west and spread democracy
- justification for displacing/killing natives
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Nat Turner's rebellion
slave revolt
killed a bunch of white people
made slave laws worse -
panic of 1837
economic downturn due to overproduction
end of the 2nd and last US bank -
texas annexation
annexed after the mexican gov mandated conversion to roman catholicism and outlawed slavery. texans revolted and it was annexed as a state -
Period: to
mexican-american war
arguments over california, new mexico, and the southern border of texas. US won, texas border at rio grande and mexican cession -
mexican cession
california, nevada, utah, arizona, new mexico, colorado -
seneca falls convention
- first womens rights convention
- short term and long term plans for women's rights
- short term: abolish slavery
- long term: women's suffrage
- declaration of sentiments was the written part of this plan
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Period: to
gold rush
population of california rose from 14k to 400k
led to anti-asian sentiments -
compromise of 1850
- created by henry clay to solve the arguments about new states being free or slave states
- mexican cession divided into utah and new mexico territories
- california admitted as a free state
- slave trade outlawed in D.C.
- created the fugitive slave act
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kansas-nebraska act
- overturned missouri compromise
- introduced popular sovereignty
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bleeding kansas
caused by the compromise of 1850 and kansas nebraska act, which said that when kansas and nebraska applied for statehood, whether they were free or slave states would be decided by popular sovereignty, sparked outrage bc it violated the missouri compromise. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
- scott was a slave who sued for his freedom after being taken to live in a free state
- sandford won, scott was deemed "property" that couldn't be taken away
- meant that slavery could basically exist anywhere in US
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panic of 1857
- the 2nd real recession in american history
- after the US industrialized, the US was producing more than it could sell
- unemployment at 10%
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7 southern states secede from union
south carolina, florida, georgia, alabama, texas, mississippi, and louisiana (virginia, north carolina, tennessee, arkansas joined later) secede from the union after lincoln's election, create the "confederate states of america" -
Election of 1860, Lincoln becomes President
- lincoln said he was ok with southern slavery, he just didn't it to spread
- left off the ballot in the south, but still won
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Period: to
Civil War
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2nd confiscation act
- allowed union to seize slaves and any other property from the south, any slaves that were taken were free
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homestead act
gave 160 acres of free land in the plains to any citizen willing to stay there and farm for 5 years
led to loss of native american land -
emancipation proclamation
- made the civil war fully about slavery
- freed slaves in confederate states and encouraged them to join the union army
- didn't free slaves in border states (slave states in the union)
- prevented europe from supporting the confederacy
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sherman's march on the sea
union general sherman captured georgia and crippled the confederacy -
lincoln's assasination
andrew johnson becomes president -
black codes
- proof of employment
- allowed black people to be arrested very easily so that free labor was legal
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13th amendment
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freedman's bureau
aided poor whites and freed slaves -
Period: to
reconstruction
- after the war ended, the question was if the south should be let back into the union easy or not
- lincoln was leaniant
- radical republicans were not
- black schools, hospitals, and colleges established
- african americans elected to political office
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Period: to
gilded age
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civil rights act of 1866
said that all african americans were citizens of the US -
medicine lodge treaty
set of agreements between US gov and native plains tribes
gave US land in exchange for supplies
treaty was a failure -
reconstruction acts
military occupation of the south
required southern states to ratify the 13th and 14th amendment -
14th amendment
made all people born or naturalized in the US citizens with the same rights
had to be ratified by confederate states in order to be let back into the union bc of radical republicans -
15th amendment
protected voting rights of former slaves and all men -
panic of 1873
caused by coinage act, gov wanted to stop inflation, greenbacks and silver were not accepted as money anymore -
telephone invented
alexander graham bell develops telephone -
federal troops removed from the south
jim crow laws, black codes -
great railroad strike
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compromise of 1877
dispute over election
republican hayes elected in exchange for reconstruction stopping -
sharecropping began
1870s-1940s -
Period: to
chinese exclusion act
response to the fear that a growing chinese economy would hurt the economy
made chinese immigrants ineligible for citizenship if they were already in the US
angel island -
Haymarket riot
bombing after labor union protest
showcased the rise of labor unions and protests -
Daws act
broke up native tribal lands into individual plots
led to significant reduction in native lands -
wounded knee massacre
300 lakota people killed by US army
last native massacre thats documented -
white "hawaiians" stage a coup against Queen Lili'uokalani
the queen was overthrown, started US imperialism -
Panic of 1893
caused many railroads to file for bankruptcy
by 1900 2/3s of railroads were controlled by 7 entities -
pullman strike
railroad factory strike -
Plessy v ferguson
resulted in segregation becoming national and legal
"separate but equal" -
Period: to
National segregation
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hawai'i annexed
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USS Maine exploded
blamed on spain
started spanish american war
might have just been blamed on spain so as to acquire territories -
Period: to
spanish american war
spain cedes the philippines, guam, puerto rico, and cuba to US