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The first vision aid was invented called a reading stone.
It was a glass sphere that magnified when laid on top of reading materials.
No information about inventor -
Salvino D'Armate invented the first wearable eye glasses.
(Specific date unknown) -
Dutch lens grinders Hans and Zacharias Janssen make the first microscope by placing two lenses in a tube.
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The original Dutch telescopes were composed of a convex and a concave lens, as this construction did not invert the image.
Galileo had heard of the problem that distant objects appeared nearer and larger and states. Then he solved the problem to compound microscope with a convex and a concave lens. -
Robert Hooke's first discovered plant cells from the cork tissue and published micrographia which described microscopic and telescopic observations.
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Leeuwenhoek examined red blood cells, he was able to give a clearer description of the cells than ever before
Leeuwenhoek was the first person to accurately determine the size. -
In 1676 he discovered bacteria in water. A year later, Leeuwenhoek discovered spermatozoa, and eggs that fertilized when sperm enter.
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Robert Hooke studies various object with his microscope and publishes his results in Micrographia. Among his work were a description of cork and its ability to float in water.
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Joseph Jackson Lister reduces the problem of several weak lenses used together at certain distances gave good magnification without blurring the image.
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Recognized all plant tissues are composed of cells and an embryonic plant arose from a single cell.
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Theodor Schwann reasched the same conclusion as Schleiden about animal tissue being composed of cells.
In other words, the cell is the basic unit of life. It became known as the cell theory. -
the German physiologist, physician, pathologist, and anthropologist Rudolf Virchow state the last cell theory : All cells come from pre existing cells
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Ernst Abbe, wrote a mathematical formula
called the "Abbe Sine Condition" which provided calculations that allowed for the maximum resolution in microscopes possible. -
Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultra microscope. This microscope can study objects below the wavelength of light.
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Along with Ruska, co-invented the first electronic microscope.
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It is able to study of colourless and transparent biological materials. He also develops phase contrast illumination, which allows the imaging of transparent samples.
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The principal was patented by Marvin Minsky in 1957. Thomas and Christoph Cremer develop the microscope, which scans an object using a focused laser beam.
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it was invented by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.
Surface microscopy using vacuum tunneling is demonstrated for the first. The electrons fill up the energy valley in the sample until there are no more electrons. -
Stefan Hell pioneers a new optical microscope technology that allows the capture of images with a higher resolution than was previously thought possible.
