-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
-
3900 BCE
Disease caused by?
Evil spirts -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick?
Herbs and plants -
3100 BCE
Medicine used today?
digitalis: helps the heart
Quinine: nausea
Belladonna and atropine: nausea
Morphine: pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
-
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Heath Records: First to keep accurate health records.
Who Are Physicians: priests acted as physicians
How Did They Heal: called upon gds and would use leeches to restore skin. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Used acupuncture wit stone tools still practiced today. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual : Physicians had a noble and sacred mission , housed in sacred temples, first to study the causes and determine that illness may have natural rather than spiritual causes.
Dissection: Religious custom did not allow them to dissect bodies.
Hippocrates: Father of medicine (Hippocrates) took his knowledge of Anotomy observed the external body. Kept careful notes of signs and symptoms of many illness. Wrote an oath ( the oath of Hippocrates) still taken today. -
100
Ancient Romans
Sanitation Systems: They sent medical equipment and physicians, paid by Roman government, wore death mask believed it protected the from infection and bad odors.
Organize medical care: First to organize medical care.
Hospital development: Roman physicians kept a room in their houses of the ill. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
-
500
Dark age
Stopped the study of medicine, why: when Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns medical study stoped because church believed life and death was in gods hands. -
700
Dark age
How do they treat disease: The most used and primary treatment was prayer, medicine was herbal mixtures and care was custodial ( marked as watching and protecting rather than seeking cure). -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
-
1100
Middle age
Epidemics: Is a disease affecting many at the same time, million of deaths during this period. The Bubonic Plague caused 60 million alone. Others including Small pox, diphtheria,ect… -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1450
Renaissance
Rebirth: New scientific progress began
Universities: The building of universities and medical school for research
Dissection: They now accepted dissection
Books: The printing process and development of books allowed greater access to knowledge from research. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
-
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat Eustachian tube. -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
invented the microscope so we can see better than the human eye scraped his teeth and found Bactria that causes tooth decay. -
Apothecaries
Apothecaries were early pharmacies started in this time they engaged in trade with drugs and spices from the east. -
William Harvey
was able to disrobe circulation of blood and pumping of heart. With physiology knowledge. -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Benjamin Franklin
he found colds that can be passed from person to person -
Medical students learning
students attend lectures and when someone died they could do anatomy on the body and observe and sometimes dissected the body. -
Joseph Priestley
discovered the element oxygen also discovered that plants refresh air that has lots its oxygen. -
Edward Jenner
discovered the vaccination for small pox. Small pox killed many so he saved millions. This discovery led to immunization and preventive medicine in public health. -
Rene Laennec
invented the stethoscope the first one was made of wood, increased ability to hear heart and lungs to tell if diseases were present. -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
-
Ignaz Semmelweis
identified the cause of the childbed fever man women died from this after giving birth. It was noted that patients of midwifes who were women who delivered baby’s but not physicians had fewer deaths. The main difference was physicians did not wash/clean their hands after touching dead bodies and such. Today washing hands is still a way we prevent it from spreading. -
Florence Nightingale
She came from a cultured middle class family who opposed her interest in caring for the ill, During war she took a group of 38 women to care for soldiers dying from cholera. She was big for better sanitation in hospitals and designed a hospital ward that improved the environment and care of the patients. -
Louis Pasteur
Well known as “ father of microbiology”. Proved that microorganisms cause disease. Created Pasteurization in milk and the rabies vaccine in 1885. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
discovered diseases we can not see with out microscope. Aka viruses: rabies, influenza, mumps, ect.. -
Joseph Lister
Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infections first doctor to use antispectic during surgery. -
Ernst von Bergmann
developed asepsis. Invented/ learned how to keep an area germ free before and during surgery. -
Robert Koch
developed he culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. Introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation to prevent the spread of disease. -
Paul Ehrlich
discovered the affect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. Treatment was effective against some microorganisms but not affective i killing bacteria. He completed 606 experiments on 606th it worked he was trying to find a chemical that treats syphilis. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
discovered x-rays in 1895 took first picture using wife’s hand. Helps doctors discover what’s wrong with patients. -
Anesthesia
Was invented to save lives before many died from shock and pain and were even choked till they were unconscious so they would be asleep. Nitrous oxide puts patients into deep sleep for surgery so we can experience painless surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
found penicillin which killed life-threatening bacteria. One of the most important discoveries many died from blood poisoning and other before penicillin was invented. -
Sigmund Freud
discovered the conscious and in conscious parts of the mind, he found the body and brain work together this lead t the understanding of psychosomatic illness. -
Gerhard Domagk
discovered sulfonamide compounds. The first effective medication in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. This paralyzed thousands of adults and children each year. Targeted most athletic and active people. -
Albert Sabin
used live polio virus, vaccine which is more effective this is still used today to immunize babies against poliomyelitis. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
discovered the molar structure of dna based on its known double helix. They won the noble peace prize this set the stage for the rapid advances in molecular biology. -
Christian Barnard
preformed the first successful heart transplant in 1968 -
Ben Carson
pioneer in spreading Siamese twins and preforming hemispherectomies surgeries on the brain to stop seizures -
Period: to
21st Century
-
Robotic surgery
robots can help doctors improve accuracy and helps with not needing as many breaks and never gets tired -
Stem cell therapy
cells can be programmed to be any cell and any type in the body, which could lead to cures for diseases and other things. -
Artificial organs
Helps people the transplant list and helps the body. saves many lives. -
Gene editing
Gene editing
a gene editing technique that allows scientists to copy living creatures DNA and paste it -
Immunotherapy
A new way for treating cancer that has success rates.