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Sparta is a city-state organized by Lycurgus and its Laws. It has the most powerful army in Greece
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Conventionally the beginning of the archaic era is established in the first Olympiad, while the end is marked by the Ionia Revolt. When the Greeks of the coast of Asia Minor asked the help of the cities of continental Greece to stop the expansion of the Persian Empire, which led to the Medical Wars
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The first findings of human life in Greek territory confirm the existence of autochthonous populations in the Paleolithic, at the dawn of the Neolithic period, native peoples developed agriculture and thus became progressively sedentary. Later they began to use the bronze, but the refinement of its use occurred after the contact with immigrant populations.
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The great legislator, Dracon, through his Laws, organizes the republic of Athens. His collection of Laws integrate the first written code of Athens. Society is divided into three social classes: citizens, meteors and slaves.
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Around the year 600 a.C., the wooden columns of the Héreo of Olimpia underwent a material transformation, known like "Petrification", in which they were replaced by stone columns. Little by little, other parts of the temple were petrified until all of it was made of stone. With the expansion of this process to other sanctuaries, Greek temples and significant buildings from the 6th century BC. C. onwards, were built largely with stone, and a few lucky examples have survived through the centuries.
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It is the period of transition between Old Age and Middle Ages. Chronologically it would cover the period from the crisis of the third century, which marks the beginning of the decomposition of classical antiquity, to the Muslim extension and constitution of the Carolingian Empire (late eighth century), processes that represent the final settlement of the Medieval world.
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Solon, archon eponymous with dictatorial powers, abolished the laws of Dracón and dictated an amnesty law.
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The technique of coin minting came to Greece around 550 BC. C., beginning with coastal commercial cities like Aegina or Athens. Its use was extended and the cities were soon regulated a monopoly for the creation of the same ones. The first coins were composed of electro
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The classic period (h.500-323 BC) offers a different style, which was then considered as exemplary. The Parthenon was built during this time
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Athens and Sparta would soon have to ally themselves with the greatest threat Ancient Greece would face until the Roman conquest. After crushing the Ionian revolt Darío I of Persia, decided to subyugar Greece. His invasion in 490 BC. Was suppressed by the heroic Athenian victory in the battle of Marathon under Milciades the Younger, Jerjes I de Persia, Attempted its own invasion ten years later but was defeated after the rearguard battle. The Medical Wars continued until 449 a.
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Darío, King of the Persians, conquers some Greek colonies, and installs a strong army. They were called Medical Wars. The great battle was fought in Marathon. The Athenians are commanded by Miltiades.
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New Persian Invasion. Xerxes, son of Darius, attempts the second invasion of Greece, crossing the Hellespont.
The Athenian fleet defeats the Persians and sinks its ships in the battle of Salamina.
The Persian king Xerxes, with a few ships, returns to Persia, but leaves in Greece an army under General Mardonius. -
After the Medical Wars, a strategist appears that leads to the greater welfare of Athens.
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It originated by the rivalry between the two main Greek cities: Sparta and Athens.
Athens started this race -
After the death of Pericles in 429 a. C. emerged a new social class composed by the rich leaders of craft workshops. Among these we can find Cleon of Athens or Cleofonte, who had a workshop of liras.
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In Athens, those who worked for the city were given a drachma per day, regardless of the work they did. The workday normally started at sunrise and ended in the afternoon.
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Lost the revenue from the Delos League tax collection and imposed a 5% rate on all the ports of his empire, thereby hoping to increase revenues. Taxes were not for protectionist purposes, but merely collecting taxes.
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War between Macedonia and Greece. King Philip II, King of Macedonia, invades Greece.
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Philip used to intervene in the affairs of the southern city-states, culminating in his invasion of 338 BCE. By defeating decisively the allied army of Thebes and Athens in the battle of Queronea, became the de facto hegemon of all Greece. It forced most of the city-states to join the Corinthian League, preventing them from fighting each other. He then entered a war against the Achaemenid Dynasty, but was assassinated by Pausanias of Orestis at the beginning of the conflict.z
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In the year 336 a. At the age of 20, the son of Philip II was proclaimed king of Macedonia as Alexander III, being recognized as the ruler of all Hellas after his crushing victory over Thebes two years later.
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Alexander, with a large army composed of Macedonians, Greeks and Illyrians, marches towards Persia. Conquest Egypt, Persia, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Syria. He founded Alexandria in Egypt, and it became the center of Hellenic civilization.
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The Hellenistic period lasted from 323 BC. C., when the wars of Alexander the Great, until the annexation of Greece by the Roman republic in 146 a. C
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Against the Romans, but they are defeated by the army commanded by Lucio Mummio, in Leucopetra Greece becomes a Roman province.
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The Greek peninsula became a Roman protectorate in 146 BC. C. and the islands of the Aegean Sea were added to this territory in 133 a. C. Athens and other Greek cities rebelled in 88 a. C., and the whole peninsula was crushed by the troops of the Roman general Sila. Greece was a key province east of the Roman Empire, since Roman culture was, in fact, a Greco-Roman culture.
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In the battle of Farsalia, during the Roman Civil War of 49-45 a.c., the troops of Julius Caesar defeat the army of Pompeyo
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Occurred on September 2, 31 a. C., among the fleets of Cayo Julio César Octaviano and the Marcus Antonio and his ally Cleopatra, facing the Gulf of Amazonia and the promontory of Actium. The battle was settled with the absolute victory of Octavio Augusto and the flight of Antonio and Cleopatra.
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Put an end to the Achaean civilization.
Wars, famines and revolts destroyed around 1200 BC. The splendid Mycenaean civilization. A new world emerged on its ruins, which prepared the heyday of classical Greece. -
The Dark Age (h.1100-h.750 BC) shows geometric designs in ceramics
The collapse of the Mycenaean civilization gave birth to the Dark Ages -
Destruction of Troy after a long war. Troy, city of Asia Minor, is besieged for ten years by the Greeks, until the destruction of Troy came.
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It is the first stage. It has several phases. It begins at the beginning of the first millennium BC and closes in the first third of the fifth century BC. C.
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It is the boom period of the Achaeans. These surround their cities with strong walls, each isolated from another. Each city was a city-state.
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The city of Athens, Greece, is in the hands of the Turks, and when attacking the Venetians to the Turks in the environs of the city they make that, after 2,500 years of existence
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The king of Greece Otto I, renounces the crown and flee of the country, after a coup d'etat takes place.
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The Greek army gives a coup d'etat. In December, King Constantine will address the people exhorting him, without success, to the overthrow of the Military Junta. As a result, he will have to exile in Rome
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In referendum held in Greece, the country is opposed to reinstate the monarchy reaffirm
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In Greece, the military government collapses and former Conservative PM Constantino Karamanlis is invited back from his exile in Paris
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A Treaty is signed in Maastricht (Holland) by which the Western European nations, after centuries of armed conflicts, unite in a spirit of economic cooperation, seeking common security policies and cooperation between police and other authorities against crime, terrorism and immigration.
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The Achaeans, village from the plains of the Danube, are established in Greece, in the islands of the Aegean Sea. With its advent, the Minoan or Cretan civilization ends.
