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This time period lasted from 4000 BC to 3000 BC
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- Believed that illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirits.
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- Trephining was used to treat insanity.
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- Tribal witch doctors treated illnesses
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- The average lifespan was about 20 years
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- Herbs and plants were used as medicines
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This time period lasted from 3000 BC to 300 BC
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- first known to maintain accurate health records
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- Called upon Gods to heal them when disease occurred
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- Used magic and medical plants to heal
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- The average lifespan lasted about 20 - 30 years
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- Leeches were used to open clogged blood channels
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This time period lasted from 1700 BC to 220 BC
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- Began search for medical reasons for illness
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- Recorded a pharmacopoedia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs
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- Used Acupuncture to relieve pain
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- Monitored pulse to determine the condition of the body
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- The average lifespan was about 20 - 30 years.
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This time period lasted from 1501 to 1700.
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- The average lifespan was between 30 - 40 years
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- Rebirth of science
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- First book on die-tics was written
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- Dissection of the human body began to get a better understanding of anatomy and physiology.
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- Development of printing press allowed knowledge to spread to others
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This time period lasted from 1200 BC to 200 BC
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- Began modern medical science by observing the human body and effects of the disease
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- Lifespan lasted about 25 -35 years
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- Believed illness is a result of natural causes
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- Used massage, art therapy, and herbal treatments
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- Stressed diet and cleanliness as ways to prevent disease
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This period lasted from 800 AD to 1400 AD
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- The average lifespan was 20 - 35 years
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- Renewed interest in medical practice of Greeks and Romans
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- Major diseases were smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, plague, and malaria.
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- Based diagnosis of observations of signs and symptoms of diseases
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- Began to obtain knowledge at medical universities
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This time period lasted from 753 BC to 410 AD
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- Diet and exercise medications treat disease
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- The average lifespan lasted about 25 - 35 years
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- Began public health and sanitation systems
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- First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
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- Dissected animals and determined function of muscles, kidney, and bladder.
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This time period lasted from 400 AD to 800 AD
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- Prayer treated disease
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- Monks and priest provided care to the ones who were sick
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- Herbal mixtures were used as medicine
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- The average lifespan was 20 - 30 years
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- Emphasis was placed on saving the soul and the study of medicine was prohibited
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This time period lasted from 1350 AD to 1650 AD
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- Causes of disease was still not known
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- First successful blood transfusion on animals performed in England in 1667
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- Scientific societies were established
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- The average lifespan was between 35 - 45 years
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- Apothecary's were made
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- This time period lasted from 1701 to 1800
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- The average lifespan was between 40 - 50 years
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- Developed vaccination for smallpox
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- Discovered an oxygen element
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- Bifocals for glasses came out
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- the first mercury thermometer was made
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- This time period lasted from 1801 - 1900
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- The average lifespan was 40 - 60 years
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- Bacteria causing gonorrhea were discovered and identified
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- Aspirin was introduced
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- Royal college of surgeons founded in London
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- First federal vaccination legislation enacted in 1813
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- This time period lasted from 1901 to 2000
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- The average lifespan was 60 to 80 years
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- the first heart and lunch machine was used
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- First liver transplant was done in 1964
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- First lung transplant was done in 1964
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- A sheep was cloned in 1997
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- This time period started in 2001 and will end 2100
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- Adult stem cells were used in the treatment of disease early in the 2000s
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- First totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in 2001
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- Netherlands became the first country in the world to legalize Euthanasia in 2002
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- Vaccine to prevent cervical cancer was approved in 2006
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- Vaccine to prevent herpes zoster was approved in 2006