General Human History

Oldest Homo Sapiens Bones

270,000 BCE

312,000 BCE - TIMELINE DOESN'T GO THAT FAR BACK. Morocco cave; 60 mi west of Marrakesh, in a rocky outcrop called Jebel Irhoud

710,000 BCE - Homo Erectus in Philippines

270,000 BCE

700,000 BC - stone tools in Abu Simbel Egypt

270,000 BCE

Oldest Denisovan bones

270,000 BCE

In Denisova Cave, Russia, where they had 17% of genome from Neanderthals, who were also there.
Also, remains have been found in Baishiya Karst Cave in China, greater than 160,000 BCE.
Denisovans probably were an earlier migration of H. erectus out of Africa. Their genetics are present in Aboriginal Australians, Melanesians, and Negrito Filipinos / islanders ~ around 5% of their genes.
they made bracelets

Oldest Hominid Rock Art

224,000 BCE

By Denisovan children (handprints) in Quesang hot springs, Tibet.

H. Sapiens bones in Levant & Middle East

178,000 BCE

Misliya Cave, Mt Carmel, Israel, and other sites

Tents in Egypt

150,000 BCE

Evidence of humanoids in America

128,000 BCE

Nature magazine, Tom Demere, April 2017

Spear tips in North Africa

100,000 BCE

South Coast of Asia Accessed

70,000 BCE

by East Africans

Oceania Accessed

50,000 BCE

Evidence of humans in S. Carolina

48,000 BCE

the Topper site

Lascaux Caves Created

46,000 BCE

Oldest animal figurine

40,000 BCE

Carving of a lion, which took 200 hours, meaning people had time on their hands for non-essential creativity. Germany.

Last Neanderthals

38,000 BCE

Neanderthals were in Europe at least 430,000 years ago with fire, seaworthy boats, ponchos, weaving. 20% of their genetics survive today, due to interbreeding. Only sub-Saharan Africans have no Neanderthal ancestry.

Yenisei River Basin Culture

24,000 BCE

Mal'ta-Buret People. Semi-subterranean homes built with animal bones. Genetic ancestors of Native Americans, Yamnaya, Botai, Siberians.

People in New Mexico

21,000 BCE

Footprints at White Sands National Park

Last Glacial Maximum

20,000 BCE

Oldest Homo sapiens sapiens pottery in China

18,000 BCE

Xianren Cave near Yangtze River

Last Denisovans

14,300 BCE

Last stronghold in Papau New Guinea

Natufians Establish Jericho

13,000 BCE

Beer, grains, sedentary life

Cueva de las manos, Argentina

13,000 BCE

Northern Eurasia Accessed

12,000 BCE

Australian land bridges to New Guinea & Tasmania

12,000 BCE

British Isles Land Bridge from Europe

12,000 BCE

South China Sea Land Bridge

12,000 BCE

Links Java, etc., to Indochina

American megafauna extinction

10,800 BCE

Beringian Land Bridge Opens

10,600 BCE

was open before, but now is habitable for human migration

Mesopotamian / Levant Neolithics

10,500 BCE

"Fertile Crescent." Earliest in Gesher (Israel). Local grains, sedentary life in semi-subterranean houses.

Göbekli Tepe Occupied

10,000 BCE

(Stone Circles) Human skulls hung for display. Of the "skull cult."

Agriculture in Egypt

10,000 BCE

Great Flood

9600 BCE

Beringian Land Bridge Closes; Global floods

9000 BCE

Yangtze & Yellow River Basin Civilizations

9000 BCE

Oldest site at Nanzhuangtou, China near Baiyang Lake. Millet, domesticated dogs,

New Guinea Highlands Culture

9000 BCE

Sedentary agriculture

Oldest cult skulls in Levant

9000 BCE

Ancient Mayan Era

8000 BCE

They never had a consolidated political power - just scattered cultural values. No standing army or police - massive architectural projects.

Overgrazing or Climate create the Sahara

8000 BCE

Anatolia Develops Wheel/Harness/Meat Culture

6500 BCE

Horses, cows, grain

Tigris & Indus River Valley civs. begin

6500 BCE

Sedentary agriculture in city of Balochistan (Afghanistan, Iran, India, Pakistan) Sumerians follow in 5500 BC.

8.2 kya Cooling Event

6200 BCE

Caused by Laurentide ice sheet collapse, and arctic lake draining including Missoula floods
lasted 150 years
Main effect on Mesopotamia and N. Africa was aridification

3 degrees lowered in 20 years

Proto Indo European Splits

6000 BCE

into Anatolian and all other descended languages

Hemudu Culture Cultivates Rice

5500 BCE

Eastern China

Nile River Valley Sedentary Tribes

5500 BCE

agriculture & animal husbandry

Sub-Saharan African Agriculture

5000 BCE

Sedentary farming, unknown

Greenland Accessed

4000 BCE

By expansion in Arctic Turtle Island

Celts colonize Paris

4000 BCE

Oldest Written Sumerian Texts

3500 BCE

Liangzhu City Created

3300 BCE

Yangtze River Delta

Indus River Civilization begins

3300 BCE

NW India, E Pakistan
eventually 1 - 5 million individuals before ends in 1300 BC
its written language, Indus script, is still undeciphered

Oldest heiroglyphics

3200 BCE

Mayan fourth world - 13th baktun

3114 BCE

Ended on Dec 21, 2012.

Kali Yuga starts

3102 BCE

Indo-Aryans spread Mithras to Punjab, Anatolia, and Iran

3000 BCE

(Zoroastrianism)

Mesopotamian shekel - first mined currency

3000 BCE

Oldest Mayan Glyphs

3000 BCE

Guatemala - logograms complimented with a set of syllabic glyphs, similar in function to modern Japanese

Mohenjo-daro has 60,000 people

2600 BCE

and so does Sarappa, in Pakistan
wells, etc.
Original name could have been Kukutarma, City of the Chicken, as they did a lot of cockfights and chicken sales
They had weights and seals
No kings or queens, probably elected officials or a council

Oldest mention of Kingdom of Punt

2500 BCE

Ethiopian area, or land of god, the Tigray people's region

Oldest mention of village of Babylon

2334 BCE

Floods from E China Sea Destroy Liangzhu City

2300 BCE

Kutch district of India first mud cities

2100 BCE

Earliest mention of Etemenanki

2000 BCE

(temple at center of Babylon - to god Marduk) 91m tall but if it was this tall the materials don't support the height

Italian Jerome's date for birth of Moses

1592 BCE

India has swords

1500 BCE

vedic period

Israelite slaves - exodus from Egypt

1446 BCE

led by Moses

anti hittite league of assuwa

1400 BCE

deny hittite sun goddess arina

Lion Gate Constructed

1400 BCE

indigenous group there since 2000 BC, in middle of Turkey, became capital of Hittite Empire

Rabbinical date for Moses' Birth

1391 BCE

Akhenaten Amenhotep IV dies

1334 BCE

(noted for abandoning polytheism in worship of the singular Aten sun deity

The Vedic Texts written

1300 BCE

foundations of Hinduism

"Sea People" Height

1250 BCE

WIDESPREAD PIRACY. Myceneans, Hittites, Egyptians, being taken out by displaced peoples of the Mediterranean. No written language in Greece until 700s...
15m long ships...from sardinia, lycia

Ramses dies; Egypt - Palestine - Syria Broken Up

1213 BCE

Egypt soon loses access to gold mines in Sudan / Eritrea...no centralized rule in egypt until 700 BC

oldest mention of Israel

1208 BCE

by Egyptians on Merneptah Stele

The Black Chinese Shang Dynasty

1100 BCE

Isle of Cypress fell to Sea People

1050 BCE

horned god statues, Ingot god, wearing a horned helmet and standing on an ingot, which was thought to value 4 oxens as an early concept.

Mayan numerals

1000 BCE

Aramaic Kingdoms Est. in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan

1000 BCE

Timeframe of King David of Israel

1000 BCE

supposed ancestor of Jesus

Shell money in China

1000 BCE

Time of King of Solomon

931 BCE

His son with Queen of Sheba (Menelik I) steals Ark of Covenant and takes it to Ethiopia

Solomonic Dynasty of Ethiopia

Period: 930 BCE to 1974

claim lineal descent to Solomon son of David

Modern Greek poleis form

800 BCE

modern Greek writing found - if Homer were real they lived here

Yahwism becomes monotheistic

800 BCE

Great Wall of China Begun

770 BCE

In Chu State of Yangtze River valley

Rome founded

753 BCE

Torah written down from oral tradition

600 BCE

Ge'ez Script Invented (Ethiopia)

600 BCE

Persian Empire height

550 BCE

It was the largest empire that had existed at that point (?) Capitol: Babylon. Known for roads, central bureaucratic control, large army, civil services, one language, postal system

Persians (Babylon / Assyrians) Rule Israel & Babylon

539 BCE

89.66 Enoch - first temple (Solomon's) destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar Ark of covenant taken to Ethiopia and guarded by monks in 586 BC
Book of Enoch 89.56

Persia conquers Egypt

525 BCE

some revolts in the 4th century BC but Egypt could never again retain a native ruler

2nd Temple Period in Israel Begins

516 BCE

89.73 Enoch. until 70 CE, when Rome destroys the temple and Jerusalem (Book of Enoch 90.2) Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots and early Christianity begin their sects at this time Aramaic is the language spoken, written

Persia (West) learns of Indus River

515 BCE

sends Greek subject Scyalax to explore

Fall of last Athenian tyrant

510 BCE

Begin Classical Greece

Exaltation of the Flower carved

470 BCE

Greeks Rule Levant

332 BCE

After alexander's conquering, now colonize in city of Alexandria and Antioch. Ends due to Christian whittling or unknown.

Alexander the Great conquers Egypt

332 BCE

(Greek) without a battle as the egyptians welcomed an overthrow of the Persians

Alexander the Great conquers Persian Empire

330 BCE

Classical Greece ends

323 BCE

Alexander the Great dies

Chandragupta Maurya coronated in beginning of Maurya Empire

321 BCE

Serpent Mound Built

320 BCE

Near Peebles, OH. Or 1070 CE by the Fort Ancient Culture (?)

Great Pyramid of Cholula begun

300 BCE

finished 900 CE

Maccabean Revolt Begins in Levant

167 BCE

against Greek Seleucian army
Hanukkah festival from 164 BC victory
Refusing to worship Greek Gods, leave their children uncircumcised, to sacrifice pigs at the alter. Went against Antiochus IV.

Hasmonean Dynasty Begins

140 BCE

Greeks are expelled from Judea

Book of Enoch (quoted)

100 BCE

written pieces date to 300 BC. Ancient hebrew text, canonical to Ethiopians and Eritreans, also found in Dead Sea Scrolls.

Rome invades Hasmonean Judea

63 BCE

After Rome had weakened Seleucid Greeks and prevented them from securing a conquering of Egypt
Herod the Great installed as King in 37 BC - becomes a Roman client state.

Conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt

31 BCE

Battle of Actium lost by Cleopatra and Antony who commit suicide. Rome achieves Mare Nostrum.

John the Baptist killed

36

Enoch 90.8

Jesus executed

36

(Born around 6 BC) Enoch 90.16

Most Dead Sea Scrolls Deposited

70

at Qumran, in the library caves of the Northwest Shore of the Dead Sea

Bar Kokhba Revolt Fails

136

Roman exhaustively defeat Jewish rebels after they secured heads of state beginning in 132. Simon Bar Kokhba leads, Jews viewed him as the Messiah. Around 580,000 Jews died and 985 villages, by six Roman legions and 6 on reserve. Sacred scrolls burned Jews sold into slavery for the price of a horse at Hadrian's Market Jews barred from entering Jerusalem, Talmud and rabbis become more conservative and cautious, calling Bar Kokhba a false messiah. Israel becomes renamed Syria Palaestina

Pyramid of the Sun Built

200

150,000 Toltecs live in multi story apartments in Teotihuacan 200 BC - 750 CE

1st time Rome Splits in 2

285

Rome, Italy no more than 100,000 people

Christianity becomes Roman Religion

313

Mayans discover Zero

357

The Mayans' first recorded printing of the word for 'zero.'

Ancient Egyptian Religion becomes illegal

380

Edict of Thessalonica = only Nicean Christianity is valid in Roman Empire.

Ireland Christianizes

400

Officially in 440

Mithraism sweeps Roman army

400

A mystery religion, began popping up 1st century. Based on Persian god Mithras from Zoroastrianism

Western Roman Empire Ends

476

Odoacer becomes King of Italy - imperial crown sent to Constantinople

Om Manipadme Hum

500

Kāraṇḍavyūhasūtra delivered in a box to the ceiling of 28th king of Tibet, Lha Thatori Nyantsen. 'I in the jewel-lotus' - Om Manipadme Hum

Casarabe Culture in Amazon Rainforest

500

Pyramids, causeways, motes, canals, "forest islands", inhabit 1700 square miles of Amazon. Structures oriented to the north northwest

Abuna Aregawi founds Debre Damo Monastery

500

in Tigray, Ethiopia

Byzantine Empire - the Eastern Roman Empire @ Height

555

Zoroastrianism loses to Islam in Iran

651

death of Yazdagird III (King of Iran/Persia)

Sufism gains adherents

661

beginning of materialistic Umayyad Caliphate

He Xiangu Ascends to Heaven

707

"in broad daylight" during Tang dynasty. A purple cloud is said to bring you towards your death

Lotus-born est. Buddhism

800

Death of Charlemagne

814

Underwater Panther Mound

950

Granville, OH. Thought to be in conflict with the thunderbirds. Copper hair. Deepest parts of lakes, causes storms.

Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra Translated into Chinese

1000

ᏁᏆᏏ (Nikwasi) Mound Built by Cherokees

1000

100 acre village in modern west N. Carolina

Oldest Mayan "book"

1021

an astronomy of Venus - found in a Chiapas cave.

Battle of Hastings

1066

Normans become a ruling class in England over the Indigenous Anglo-Saxons

Hopi live in Oraibi

1100

they moved here possibly due to drought

Incan Civilization Arises

1200

10 million subjects on South American Pacific Coast

Muslim Mali Empire

Period: 1235 to 1670

Mansa Musa, born 1280, sometimes called the richest person to ever live

European Renaissance

1300

Witchcraft declared heresy & triable under Inquisition

1326

by Pope John

Bubonic Plague Begins

1346

until 1352. Most fatal pandemic in history. Killed between a third and a half of European population.

First Colony

1400

Sugarcane plantation in Caribbean

Transatlantic Slave Trade Begins

1400

12.5 million people enslaved, 10.7 survive the ships over.

Eastern Roman Empire Ends

1453

Constantinople Falls to Ottomans and becomes Istanbul

Ottoman Empire Conquers Constantinople - Byzantine Empire (Rome) Falls (Eastern Roman Empire) Falls to

May 29, 1453

Aztecs meet Cortes

1519

Shakespeare born

1564

Declaration of Independence

Jul 4, 1776

Woyane rebellion in Tigray, Ethiopia

1943

grassroots; fails when Royal Airforce fights against it on the side of the emperor
"there is no government; let's organize and govern ourselves"

Adolf Hitler commits suicide

Apr 30, 1945

2nd Woyane against Derg Regime, Ethiopia

Period: 1974 to 1991

The T.P.L.F. - many royal family members imprisoned but women released 89 men released 1990, fall of communist regime in 1991, left country, many have since returned

3rd Woyane in Ethiopia

2020

Ethiopian federal government genocide & cover-up vs the Tigray Defense Forces

800 Tigrayans murdered in Axum

Nov 28, 2020

as soldiers destroy part of Church of St Mary of Zion where the ark of the covenant is supposed to be