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A powerful khan united the Mongol clans by defeating his rivals. His name was Temujin, but was changed to Genghis Khan in 1206 which means means "Universal Ruler." Made the Mongols very powerful military. BY spreading rumors that the Mongol military was very powerful they would have them surrender without a fight.
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Most violent and efficient force of military in History. The Mongols were a military dominant and had ruthless cunning, brutality, superior tactics, and weapons. Nomadic people that came from Central Asia.
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Genghis Khan conqueredmuch of Centeral Asia. Fighting against the Chinese and Turks the Mongols learned the art of seige warfare and the use of gun powder.
Seige of warfare means a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conqering by attrition or assault. -
When Genghis Khan died he left the ruling to his descendents. By this time Mongol ruled most of Central Asia.
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Kublai Khan began to conquest China. He went to conquere the Song Dynasty.
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The Golden Horde was one of the four khanates and was located in the northwest of the Mongol empire. It was under the ruler Batu Khan who conquered Russia.
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Kublai Khan becomes the ruler over the Kanate.
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Marco Polo was sent by Kublai Khan to travel in and around China.
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Kublai defeated the last Song dynasty and made himself the emperor of the new Yuan dynasty. The Song dynasty and made himself the emperor of the new Yuan dynasty. The Song dynasty ruled southern China. He increasd taxes taxes and foreign trade.
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Kublai Khan dies and the Yuan empire weakens because people fight over who gets the throne next.
Before Kublai Khan died, the Mongols attacked Japan and the two times they attacked they were attcked with "divine winds" that the Japenese called kamikaze.
Today kamikaze means a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target. -
Marco Polo returned to his home in Venice and was enprisoned during a battle there. When he was in prison he told his cellmate all of his adventures and the cellmate wrote it all down. All the writings were made into a book that was publicised and was a huge success.
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The Black Death is a disease that was a great epidemic of bubonic plague that wiped out out most of Europe It then spreaded to the Middle and Europe from Asia.
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Chinese factions rebel against Yuan dynasty.
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The rebel army defeats the Mongols which ends the foreign ruling in China because the Mongols fled to Monchuria.
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Zhu Yuanz Hung, who took the name of Hongwo, led the rebel army and founded the Ming dynasty. He killed anyone who disagreed with him which added up to thousands.
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Hongwo died and his son took over.
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Yonglo became ruler. He built the Forbidden City in the middle of the capitol which he moved to Beijing.
The Forbidden City is an imperial city that has high walls and was built by Yonglo. It got its name because most people were not allowed to eneter it. -
Yonglo sent Zheng He on an overseas voyage and sponsored it. Zheng He went around the Indian Ocean as far as Africa and led seven voyages. He was a Chinese Muslim admiral. Zheng He sent 300 ships, known as Junks, that went in fleets and included trading ships.A Junk is a flat-bottomed sailing vessel typical in China and the East Indies, with a prominent stem, a high stern, and lugsails.
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Yonglo stops ruling
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A new emperor stopped the overseas voyages because they were so expensive.
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A move in Ming China started toward isolation. Traders were only allowed to trade at certain ports at certain times. These policies were hard to enforce because there would be Chinese smugglers.
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Crops from America, such as corn and sweet potatoes, increased farm output. The stability in food made the Chinese population grow. Manufacture of porcelain and silk expanded.
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Matteo Ricci who was an Italian Jesuit priest arrived then. He introduced European mathematics and science.
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Ming reinforced the Great Wall of China to keep out invading Mongols. Most of the Great Wall of China today was made by Ming.
The Great Wall of China is the wall that Chinese used to keep the Mongols from invading them. It was built over a period of time that each Chinese dynasty added onto or repaired. -
Because of crop failures and high taxes, famine and hardship started. These events then led to many rebellions.
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The Manchu came from the northwest. Manchuria then conquered Beijing when the Ming China weakened. The last emperor kills himself to avoid capture, and the Manchu formed their own dynasty called Qing.
Queue was a hairstyle used by the Manchu -
Qing dynasty was the last imperial rule in China. China grew to its larger size under the Manchu rulers. China was also very prosperous during the Qing ruling.
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Kangxi ruled and reduced taxes, expanded the empire into parts of Central Asia, and supported the arts and entertained Jesuit priests at court. The end of his ruling was in 1772
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Cao Zhan, a Qing writer, wrote Dream of the Red Chamber. The novel was about the decline of an upper-class Chinese family. It was one of China's greatest novels.
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Queue
Queue was a hairstyle used by the Manchus. It was later enforced on Chinese in China. The hairstyle was the head being shaved off aboved the temples and then the rest of the hair was braided into a braid down the back. -
Kangxis grandson, Qianling, brought China to its greatest height. He conquered Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet. During his rule agricultural production rose. The population of China also grew to more than 300 million in 1750
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British official Lord George Macartney discussed expanding trade with China. Macartney refused to kowtow in front of the king so they sent him away.
Kowtowing is when you touch your forhead to the floor while on your knees. -
European efforts to open China's society topples. It ends the imperial rule of China.
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The Qing dynasty ends.
