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Frequent famines in Northern China, severe floods of the Yellow RIver, rebel and religious uprisings contributed to the End of the Ming Dynasty
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The foudning emperor of the Ming Dynasty personally led the expeditions that forced the Mongols out of China in the year 1368
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Zhu Yuanzhang, the CHinese rebel hero, led a rebel band against the Mongols, and led an army into Beijing and assumed status of "Son of Heaven" founding the Ming or brilliant dynasty.
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Ming ruled China
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Under Hongwu and Yongle Emperors (1403-1424) , populations reaches 60 million. Land registers between (1393-1414) show 129 million acres under construction.
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Taizu was very hept to how powerful merchant families settled around the coast and what city was most prominent in different types of goods and services.
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Eunuchs became increasingly powerful in the court. Emperors became very fond of the eunuchs who helped raise them; thus the rank and duties of eunuchs increased.
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Yuanzhang became known as Hongwu or "Grand Military Achievement." He created a large and intricate military system, He led his armies across Asia, eventually controlling all of modern day China.
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Using Confucian scholar-officials and eunuchs, he built a large bureaucracy to help administer his kingdom. He discovered a plot to overthrow him by his chief minister. he executed all those involved, and issued an edict prohibiting all eunuchs from taking admin, office.
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Ming revival of a Pure Chinese rule looked to strengthen the exam system to that if the Han, Tang, and Song dynasties. The exam system grew more complex, offering the levels of examination activity and allowing any man to reach the level of a Confucian scholar-official.
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Chengzu was the third Emperor of the dyansty and in the years 1403 to 1424 he left his tremendous stamp on China. He came to power through civil war
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third emperor of the ming dynasty
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Hanlin Academy established in 1404; in order to increase scholarship and strengthen the literary and historical traditions of China, the Yongle Emperor established the Hanlin Academy. It produced the great Encyclopedia of the Yongle period.
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China sent out seven great maritime expeditions led by a court eunuch named Zheng He. They experienced great success, trading with countries as far as India and the Persian Gulf.
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Wang Yangming was one of the many who rewrote confucianism during the Ming Dyansty. His ruling was from 1472-1528
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Yangming rewrote Confucianism
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The portuguese met a class of powerful men upon arrival in Ming China in the 1500's. These men caught the Portuguese off guard because their merit was based off of education.
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Shizen wrote The Pharmacopoeia, which listed the properties, therapies, and dangers of over 1,000 drugs derived from plant, animal, and mineral products
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Hongwu emperor sought to regain control of China, he sent armies into Mongolia to break the Mongol forces that remained. He managed to conquer them at the time, but problems along the Mongol frontier would worsen and continue until the fall of the Ming
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Ming suffered many raids from Jap pirates, who would prowl the Chinese coastline. The Ming were helpless to the pirates. They decided to prohibit maritime trade with Japan. Japan invaded Korea and the Ming met Japanese troops on Korea soil. It went back and forth until China was able to negotiate a Japanese withdrawl.
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From Hongwu through Wanli Emperor, the Ming set up a tribute system as the dominant power in East Asia. It sent envoys all across Asia to assume its position as the largest and the oldest Asian country and its role as the original source of all Asian civilization
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Showed little interest in the affairs of the state. Instead of ruling, he let eunuchs and other officials make decisions for him while he entertained himself with literature and woodcarving. By the end of his reign, the Ming was in a terrible state of affairs.
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The Britsh captured the "Madre de Dios" which carried Chinese goods that amounted to half of the British bank.
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Yanwu was a scholar that estimated that 50% of the imperial income derived from taxes collected from coastal cities
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Manchu under Nurhaci begin attacking the Ming.
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Made up of ex-Confucian scholar-officials, the Donglin Party was intent on returning Chinese society and government to traditonal principles. They condemned philisophical eclecticism. They accused a very powerful court eunuch of high crimes . The eunuch res[ponded by creating a blacklist of Donglin members, and many of those on the list were denounced, imprisoned, tortured, condemned, dismissed and beaten to death
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People from all walks of life start to rise up and form an alliance against the Ming government policy.
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Li Zicheng led a bandit group that raided much of northwest China. Li formed an organized system of government and with time Li and his armies distributed food to the starving and punished greedy landlords. His army entered Bejing as the last Ming emperor hung himself on Prospect Hill overlooking the Forbidden City.
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The Manchus attack north China, Korea, and Mongolia.
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Manchus defeat Li and come to rule China in the Qing Dynasty
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Manchus ruling in the Qing Dynasty
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The Ming Dynasty came to an end when Li and his armies decended upon China as the Last Ming emperor hanged himself on Prospect Hill overlooking the Forbidden City
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SInce this time the coastal cities of China had produced great industry and trade.
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Chinese literary history can be traced back to The Tang dynasty literature
