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(No specific month or day) laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
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Formally abolished slavery in the United States
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Granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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(No Specific month or day) were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".
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Guarantees all American women the right to vote.
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a simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies.
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a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building.
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prohibites any poll tax in elections for federal officials.
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the Brown v. Board decision helped break the back of state-sponsored segregation, and provided a spark to the American civil rights movement.
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a seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.
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Ensure that all Americans could exercise their right to vote.
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provide means of further securing and protecting the civil rights of persons within the jurisdiction of the United States.
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Following the Oklahoma City sit-ins, the tactic of non-violent student sit-ins spread. The Greensboro sit-ins at a Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina, on February 1, 1960, launched a wave of anti-segregation sit-ins across the South and opened a national awareness of the depth of segregation in the nation.
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Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin,
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(day and month N/A)a federally-funded program targeting children ages 3-5 and providing a variety of services, including education in the form of preschool, and nutrition and medical services.
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was an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement
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is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.
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Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice.
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an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association
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Orval Eugene Faubus was an American politician who served as the Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967
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was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum.
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was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat.
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was an American politician who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971.
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n African-American Civil Rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".
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was an American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century. In 1966, Friedan co-founded and was elected the first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW), which aimed to bring women "into the mainstream of American society now [in] fully equal partnership with men".
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(No Date)the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power.
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the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence.
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(No date)the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races.
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(No date)a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.
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(Between the 19th and 20th centuries)an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob, often by hanging, in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a minority group.
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(date N/A) The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
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(Date N/A) The policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture.
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(Date N/A)a national program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first-generation students graduating from college so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class.
