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It was passed by the Continental Congress, specified that “good faith should always be observed toward Indians
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North→ Anti Slavery, Manufacturing/factory work South→ Pro Slavery, mainly agricultural
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Compromise prohibited slavery North of the geographical boundary. The Act allowed Missouri to be admitted to the union as a slave state
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William Lloyd Garrison founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. It was an abolitionist society which created private charities and groups. The idea of this group was to rid slavery.
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Garrison and Fredrick Douglass left the Anti-Slavery Society when it refused to accept their demand that woman could equally participate
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott found the first woman’s rights movement. They concluded that women were not much better off than slaves. In 1848, they called out for the first woman’s rights convention. The Seneca Falls convention in 1848 was held for people that believed that men and women were equal citizens. The attendees passed resolutions calling for the abolition of legal, economic, and social discrimination against women.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe’s , "Uncle Tom’s Cabin" was a novel that depicted the evils of slavery. Court went on to add that slaves weren’t US citizens, and as a consequence, slaves couldn’t bring suits in federal court.
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Dred Scott was a black slave who tried to sue his landowner for his freedom based on the fact that he lived in free territories for five years. The Supreme Court said that Scott didn’t have the right to sue because Slaves are not citizens
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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation during the American Civil War using his war powers. The Proclamation provided that all slaves in state be freed automatically on Jan. 1, 1863. The Proclamation only freed those who lived in the Confederacy (in the North)
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The 13th Amendment was one of the three Civil War Amendments; specifically bans slavery in the US Former Confederate states quickly passed laws that were designed to restrict opportunities for newly freed slaves. These "black codes"- prohibited African Americans from voting/sitting on juries, or even appearing in public places. The Black Codes laid the groundwork for Jim Crow laws, which later would institute segregation in South.
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Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to invalidate some state Black Codes. President Andrew Johnson vetoed the legislation, but for the first time in history Congress overrode the veto. The civil Rights Act gave Congress and the federal courts the power to intervene when state attempted to restrict the citizenship of male African Americans in voting,
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The 14th Amendment was proposed to guarantee citizenship to all freed slaves. It was opposed by many women because it failed to guarantee suffrage for woman.
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In 1869, woman’s rights activists met in Washington DC to argue against amendment that would extend suffrage to black males and not women
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Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
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It guaranteed the “right of citizens” to vote regardless of their “race, color, or previous conditions of servitude” sex NOT mentioned.
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The Act was signed by President Grant. It was designed to grant equal access to public accommodations. ex: jury service
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The 1877 bargain ended federal occupation of the South and Northerners' efforts to ensure the rights of Southern blacks.
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The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur by following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration
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Supreme Court decided that discrimination in a variety of public accommodations, including theatres, hotels, and railroads, could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private discrimination and not state discrimination. The Court also held that the Civil Rights Act of 1875
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It was authorized by the president of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide the land into allotments for individual Indians. It promote assimilation over separationtaxation of tribal profits
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- Poll taxes- small taxes on the right to vote that often came due when poor African American sharecroppers had the last amount of money on hand2. Some form of property-owning qualifications3. Literacy or understanding tests, which allowed local voter registration officials to administer difficult reading comprehension tests to potential voters whom they did not know.
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National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was headed by Susan B Anthony. 1. Devoted largely to securing woman suffrage2. The club movement were created to provide increased cultural and literary experiences for middle class women
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There was a massacre of 150 Indians by the US army in 1890.
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Distress over legal status of African Americans was aggravated by the US Supreme Courts decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. . Homer Plessy took a seat in a whites only car in a Louisiana train. He refused to move to the car reserved for blacks and was arrested. The Supreme Court upheld state-imposed racial segregation. It was not an unconstitutional infringement because the state law was within its constitutional boundaries. The decision was based on the separate but equal doctrine.
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The Founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people. Oswald Garrison Villard and the grandson of William Lloyd Garrison called a conference to discuss the problem of major race riots out breaking
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The Mexican Revolution forced Mexicans seeking safety and employment into the US
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By 1920, a coalition of women’s groups, led by NAWSA and National Women’s party, was able to secure ratification of the Nineteenth Amendme, which guarded all women the right to vote.
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Court ruled that American and Pacific Americans weren’t white and weren’t entitled to full citizenship rights.
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Under the leadership of chief legal counsel Charles Houston, the NAACP planned to attack segregation in the federal courts and won several major victories.
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In 1935, all southern states ha separate elementariness, universities and colleges.
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United States Executive Order 9066 was a United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizing the Secretary of War to prescribe certain areas as military zones
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Rosa Parks, local NAACP’s Youth Council advisor, refused to leave her seat on a bus to move to the back to make room for white male passenger. She was arrested for violating an Alabama law banning
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- Four cases brought from different areas of the South and border states involving public elementary and high schools and segregation2. Equal protection clause- section of the 14th amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”
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MLK Jr. launched the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). SCLC’s philosophy reflected the importance of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience.
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Two and one half year delay in implementation of its desegregation plans.
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a. Justice John Harlan wrote that woman is still regarded as the center of home and family life.b. Hoyt was unanimously reversed in 1975
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John F. Kennedy signs the Equal Pay Act into law. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 required employers to pay women and men equal work
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a. Outlawed discrimination in voters registrationb. Barred discrimination in public accommodations interstate commerce facilities and schoolsc.Withholding of federal funds from discriminatory state and local programs d.Prohibited discrimination in employment race, creed, color, religion, national origin, or sex. e.Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to monitor and enforce the bans on employment
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Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) is formed. It is a national non-profit civil rights organization formed in 1968 to protect the rights of Latinos in the United States
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The Native American Rights Fund was founded.
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The Supreme Court called dejure discrimination- discrimination by law must be eliminated at once. Supreme Court abolished the use of voluntary school desegregation plans based on race. Employers could be found liable for discrimination
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Congress voted in favor of the Equal Rights Amendment. Within a year, 22 state ratified amendment. The amendment died without being ratified on June 30th, 1982
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It is a United States federal law that granted reparations to Japanese-Americans who had been interned by the United States government during World War II.
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Veterans finally pass the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)1. Defines a disabled person as someone with a physical or mental impairment2. Guarantees access to public facilities, employment, and communication services3. Requires employers to modify work equipment and adjust work schedules
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Clinton and Senate leaders compromised “Don’t ask, don’t tell” policy. Since policy was adopted in 1994, 11,000 soldiers have been discharged for their sexual orientation.
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Constitution that denied homosexuals the right to seek protection from discrimination was unconstitutional under the equal protection clause
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Republican politicians made same-sex marriages a key issuePresident George W. Bush banned same sex marriage
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California and Connecticut joined Massachusetts in legalizing same-sex marriage
