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14th Ammendment
provides a broad definition of citizenship that overruled the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) that had held that people of African descent could not be citizens of the United States -
15th Ammendment
Granting African American men the right to vote -
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Eleanor Roosevelt
The longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from 1933 to 1945 durig her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana Railroad -
NAACP
nations oldest and largest civil rights organization -
Jim Crow Laws
The origin of the phrase "Jim Crow" has often been attributed to "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance caricature of blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in blackface, which first surfaced in 1832 and was used to satirize Andrew Jackson's populist policies. As a result of Rice's fame, "Jim Crow" had become a pejorative expression meaning "Negro" by 1838. When southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation – directed against blacks -
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Thurgood Marshall
Was an associate Justice of the United States Surpreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. -
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Lyndon Baines Johnson
Also refered to as 'LBJ', he was the 36th president of the United States(1963-1969), a position he assumed after his service as the 37th vice president on the united states(1961-1963), he was also one of four people who served in all four elected federal offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President -
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Orval Faubus
was the 36th governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967. He was best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock School District during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defined a unanimous decision of the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop African-American students from attending Little Rock Central HIgh School. -
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Hector P. Garcia
A Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War 2 veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I Forum. As a result of the national prominence he earned through his work on behalf of hispanic Americans, He was instrumenta in the appointment of Mexican AMerican and American G.I Forum charter member Vincente T. Ximenes to the Equal Empolyment Opportunity Commission in 1966, was named alternate ambassador to the United Nations in 1967. -
19th Ammendment
prohibits any us citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. -
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George Wallace
An american politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, hiving served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecvtive terms. In 1972 an assassination attempt left Wallace paralyzed, and was in a wheel chair for the remainder of his life. -
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Betty Friedan
An american writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States. Her book "The Feminine Mystique" is often credited with skarking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century. -
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Cesar Chavez
An american farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who along with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farmworkers Association. -
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Martin Luther King Jr.
An american clergyman, activist and leader in the African-American Civil Rigths Movement. He was best known for his role inthe advancement of civil rights using non-violent civil disobedience. Also he was an icon for the freedom riders. -
League of united Latin American Citizens
Created to combat the discrimination that hispanics face in the United States. -
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Dolores Huerta
A labor leader and civil rights activist who co-funded the National Farmworker Association, whoch later became the UFW. -
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Rosa Parks
Was an African-American civil rights activist, whom the U.S congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement" On December 1, 1955, in Montgometry, Alabama, Parks refused to obey bus driver James F. Blake's order that she give up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger, after the white section was filled. -
Federal Housing
provides mortgage insurance on loans made by FHA-approved lenders throughout the United States and its territories -
Social Security
primarily funded through dedicated payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA). Tax deposits are formally entrusted to the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, or the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund, which comprise the Social Security Trust Fund -
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Barbara Jordan
An american politician and a leader of the civil rights movements. Also she was the first African American elected to the Texas senate after reconstruction and the first southern black female elected to the U.S. House of representatives. -
Mendez v. Westminster
They claimed that their children, along with 5,000 other children of "Mexican" ancestry, were victims of unconstitutional discrimination by being forced to attend separate "schools for Mexicans" in the Westminster, Garden Grove, Santa Ana, and El Modena school districts of Orange County. -
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
Hispanics are being segregated by whites -
Sweatt v. Painter
The case involved a black man, Heman Marion Sweatt, who was refused admission to the School of Law of the University of Texas, whose president was Theophilus Painter, on the grounds that the Texas State Constitution prohibited integrated education. At the time, no law school in Texas would admit black students, or, in the language of the time, "Negro" students. -
Civil Rights Movement
worldwide political movement for equality before the law -
Civil rights Movement
worldwide political movement for economic equality for African american -
Hernandez v. Texas
Hernandez's legal team set out to demonstrate that the jury could not be impartial unless members of non-Caucasian races were allowed on the jury-selecting committees; no Mexican American had been on a jury for more than 25 years in Jackson County, the Texas county in which the case was tried. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Linda Brown, an eight-year-old African-American girl, had been denied permission to attend an elementary school only five blocks from her home in Topeka, Kansas. School officials refused to register her at the nearby school, assigning her instead to a school for nonwhite students some 21 blocks from her home. Separate elementary schools for whites and nonwhites were maintained by the Board of Education in Topeka. -
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Sonia Sotomayor
Is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving since August 2009. Sotomayor is the Court's 11th justice, its first Hispanic justica and its third female justice. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
seminal event in the U.S. civil rights movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The campaign lasted from December 1, 1955, when Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling -
Tinker v. Des Moines
In 1965, Des Moines, Iowa residents John F. Tinker, John's younger sister Mary Beth Tinker, and their friend Christopher Eckhardt decided to wear black armbands to their schools in protest of the Vietnam War and supporting the Christmas Truce called for by Senator Robert F. Kennedy. The principals of the Des Moines schools adopted a policy banning the wearing of armbands to school. -
Southern Christian leadership conference
the soul of America -
Great Society
set of domestic programs in the United States announced by President Lyndon B. Johnson at Ohio University and subsequently promoted by him and fellow Democrats in Congress in the 1960s -
Student non-violent coordinating committee
young people who had emerged as leaders of the sit-in protest -
Affirmative Action
refers to policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or national origin" into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group "in areas of employment, education, and business" -
March on Washington
Promote civil right and economic equality for African American -
24th Ammendment
Ended poll taxes -
Medicare
national social insurance program, administered by the U.S. federal government since 1965, that guarantees access to health insurance for Americans ages 65 and older and younger people with disabilities as well as people with end stage renal disease -
Upward Bound
federally funded educational program within the United States. The program is one of a cluster of programs referred to as TRIO, all of which owe their existence to the federal Higher Education Act of 1965. Upward Bound programs are implemented and monitored by the United States Department of Education. The goal of Upward Bound is to provide certain categories of high school student’s better opportunities for attending college -
Civil Rights Act
Voting Rights -
NAtional Organization for women
promotes equal rights for women -
Black Panthers
African american revolutionary socialist organization active in the United States -
25th Ammendment
in case of removal or of the death of the president the vice president takes over -
American Indian Movement
Native American urban community in Minneapolis, including poverty, housing, treaty issues, and police harassment -
American Indian Movement
Native American urban community in Minneapolis, including poverty, housing, treaty issues, and police harassment -
La Raza Unida
American political party centered on Chicano nationalism. During the 1970s the party campaigned for better housing, work, and educational opportunities for Mexican-Americans. -
26th Ammendment
barred the states or federal government from setting a voting age higher than eighteen -
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
) Travis County on behalf of the Edgewood Independent School District, San Antonio, citing discrimination against students in poor school districts. The plaintiffs charged that the state's methods of funding public schools violated at least four principles of the state constitution, which obligated the state Legislature to provide an efficient and free public school system.
