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Italo-Turkish War
The Italy-Turkish War (1911–12) was a conflict initiated by Italy to acquire colonies in North Africa by capturing the Turkish provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, now known as modern Libya. Italy seized the opportunity during a period of international uncertainty following the Moroccan crisis of 1911 to pursue its long-held ambition to establish a colony in North Africa. In May 1912, Italian naval forces seized Rhodes and several of the Dodecanese islands off the Turkish coast. -
Wadai War
The Wadai War, lasting from 1906 to 1912, involved France and its African allies fighting against the Wadai Empire in eastern Chad and western Sudan. The Wadai Empire, led by Dud Murra, fiercely resisted the French invasion. Despite losing its capital, Abéché, in 1909, Dud Murra continued to fight from allied areas like Darfur and Dar Masalit, achieving some victories against French forces. The last resistance to French rule in Wadai was suppressed by 1912, region remained under French control. -
Radomir Rebellion (1918)
The rebellion in Radomir, west of Sofia, threatened a national revolution but was swiftly suppressed due to several factors and a lack of resources. Lasting from September 28 to October 2, the short-lived uprising initially succeeded in entering Bulgaria's capital. However, Tsarist forces led by General Aleksandar Protogerov crushed it, resulting in around 2,000 deaths and 3,000 arrests.
Ferdinand was succeeded by his son, Boris III, with the Allies' approval.