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The Scalp Act refers to laws in the colonial and early United States that authorized bounties for the scalps of Native Americans. -
The Massacre at Mystic, or Pequot Massacre, was a brutal attack on a fortified Pequot village on May 26, 1637 -
The Three-Fifths Compromise was an agreement made during the 1787 U.S. Constitutional Convention that counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person -
The Fugitive Slave Acts were federal laws passed in 1793 and 1850 to compel the capture -
The Battle of Tippecanoe occurred on November 7, 1811, in present-day Indiana, pitting American forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison against Native American warriors -
The Missouri Compromise was a 1820 U.S. law that addressed the expansion of slavery by admitting Missouri as a slave state -
100,000 Native Americans from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to land in present-day Oklahoma between the 1830s and 1850s. Authorized by the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the movement targeted the "Five Civilized Tribes" -
The Indian Removal Act, signed into law on May 28, 1830, by President Andrew Jackson, authorized the U.S. government to negotiate removal treaties with Native American tribes -
The Nat Turner Rebellion was a slave revolt led by Nat Turner, a charismatic slave preacher, in Southampton County, Virginia, beginning on August 21, 1831. -
The Dred Scott Decision of 1857 declared that people of African descent, whether enslaved or free, could not be U.S. citizens and thus had no right to sue in federal court. -
The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, declaring that all enslaved people in the Confederate states in rebellion against the Union were to be freed. -
The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the United States, with the sole exception of punishment for a crime. Passed by Congress in January 1865 and ratified by the required number of states in December 1865 -
Slavery ended in the United States with the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution on December 6, 1865 -
The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people, and prohibited states from denying any person "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" or denying any person "equal protection of the laws" -
The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits denying citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous servitude, ensuring voting rights for Black men. Ratified on February 3, 1870 -
It took place on June 25–26, 1876, along the Little Bighorn River in the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana Territory.
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Wounded Knee Massacre (December 29, 1890) was the slaughter of approximately 150–300 Lakota Indians by U.S. Army troops -
Plessy v. Ferguson was an 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the doctrine of "separate but equal".