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English and colonial forces, led by Captain John Mason, with their Narragansett and Mohegan allies, attacked and set fire to a Pequot fort near the Mystic River in present-day Connecticut.
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refers to the practice of scalping, the historical act of removing a person's scalp, often for profit through bounties paid by colonial and state governments for Native American scalps, or as a war trophy by various groups, including certain Native American and European colonists.
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The Three-Fifths Compromise was a pivotal agreement at the 1787 Constitutional Convention that determined three-fifths of an enslaved population would be counted when determining a state's total population for purposes of representation in the House of Representatives and for direct taxation.
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The Battle of Tippecanoe occurred on November 7, 1811, in Indiana, where U.S. forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison defeated Native American warriors under the leadership of Shawnee leaders Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa
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The Missouri Compromise was a 1820 U.S. law that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining a balance of power in Congress, and prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory north of the 36°30′ parallel.
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The Indian Removal Act was a 1830 U.S. federal law signed by President Andrew Jackson that authorized the president to negotiate removal treaties with Native American tribes to exchange their ancestral lands in the East for territories west of the Mississippi River.
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Nat Turner's Rebellion was a slave uprising led by Nat Turner in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831.
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The Trail of Tears refers to the 19th-century forced displacement of approximately 60,000 Native Americans of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole), as well as their enslaved people, from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).
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The Fugitive Slave Acts were two federal laws passed in 1793 and 1850 that required the return of escaped enslaved people to their owners, even if they had fled to free states.
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declared enslaved and free African Americans could not be citizens, denying them the right to sue in federal court.
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a presidential executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, that declared enslaved people in the Confederate states in rebellion against the Union to be free.
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formally abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the United States and its territories, with the exception of punishment for a crime.
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The Thirteenth Amendment, ratified on December 6, 1865, formally abolished slavery in the United States, effectively ending the institution of chattel slavery nationwide after the Civil War. While the international transatlantic slave trade was banned earlier, the 1865 amendment prohibited all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude, with an exception for punishment for crime
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The Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, grants birthright citizenship, guarantees equal protection under the law and due process to all citizens, and was a crucial step in the Reconstruction-era effort to extend rights to formerly enslaved people.
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The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1870, prohibits denying citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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The battle was a momentary victory for the Lakota and Cheyenne. The death of Custer and his troops became a rallying point for the United States to increase their efforts to force native peoples onto reservation lands.
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The Wounded Knee Massacre, also known as the Battle of Wounded Knee, involved nearly three hundred Lakota people killed by soldiers of the United States Army.
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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was a landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.