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The beginning of the "History of Higher Education" starts with the founding of the very first medieval university in Bologna, Italy. -
The founding of Oxford set a foundational model for higher education that would influence teaching methods and curriculum around the world. -
Henry II prohibited English students from attending University of Paris, which caused the rapid growth of the University of Oxford. -
This resulted in the University being placed under the direct protection of the Pope and therefore deemed independent from local authorities. -
Pope Gregory IX issued the Parens scientiarum which recognized the university’s autonomy, independence and rights to self-regulation. -
The first established education institution in the United States. -
The General Court in Massachusetts Bay Colony granted Harvard a college charter which established it as a corporation (i.e., the oldest corporation in the US) with a governing board and legal status with regard to finances, holding property, and tax exemption. -
Founded in wake of The Great Awakening (1730s-40s), which was notable as it advocated for religious freedom and marked step for a more inclusive form of higher education. -
Benjamin Franklin published his pamphlet "Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania", which suggested a new model for American education (to de-emphasize training for clergy in place of education for public service). This lead to founding of the Academy of Philadelphia. -
Thomas Jefferson reorganized the College of William Mary into a university, which modernized the curriculum and founded the first American law school. -
This was notable for being the first federally funded institution in the US and engineering school in the nation. -
This established the autonomy and protection of private education systems from the government, which ultimately lead to the rise in the American business cooperation and growth of private institutions. -
This set the nation wide model for a commitment to a classical curriculum and preserved the foundation for the liberal arts while vocational schools grew separately from colleges. -
Mount Holyoke was the first institution to offer a pathway for higher education for women that was comparable to the curriculum offered to men. -
The Morrill Act 1862 was critical to establishing the role of the federal government in education in land allotment, broadening access to the public, and updating curriculum with a focus on what would improve the economic growth of the nation (e.g., agriculture and mechanical studies). -
The Hatch Act provided federal funding to support the development of agricultural colleges and accelerate research in the Industrialization Era. -
The Second Morrill Act emphasized the government's role in education and enforced equal (but separate) access to education for underrepresented minorities in the post Civil War era. -
The introduction of a standardized examination for college acceptance was thought to be needed given the rapid growth of enrollment seen in this era. -
The League was formed by 15 colleges. It demonstrated the growth and integration of activism into higher education experiences and culture. -
This developed and propagated the idea of pursuing academic freedom to teach and specialize in an area of interest. -
Established funding and tuition benefits for WWII veterans, which rapidly expanded access to a college education for anyone in America - it was no longer something for the elite. -
This marked the first time a US president extended federal inquiry into education issues, which previously had been done at the state or local level of government. -
This essential case determined that racial segregation in public school was unconstitutional and provided a key step towards desegregation in the US. -
The Higher Education Act greatly expanded access to higher education. It helped lead to the cultural norm for everyone to go to college and created financial aid programs for loans, grants, and scholarships. -
Studied the condition of higher education in the US to help reform policy and organize the system. Studies lead to development of a classification system of institutions that impacted research and funding decisions. It also influenced policies related to student aid programs and teaching/research infrastructure. -
Title IX prohibited sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity that received federal funding. This was essential to improving access for women in education. -
Gives students and families the control over their educational information (e.g. grades, records) and prevents unauthorized access of this information by other parties. -
This act prohibited discrimination on the basis of age in programs receiving federal funding. It was essential in ensuring equal access to education for students of any age. -
This case combated gender-based barriers to admission after an all-female nursing school admission policy was challenged. It resulted in a decision that public institution admissions policies could not discriminate on the basis of gender. -
Crucial piece of legislation for those with disabilities as it eliminated discrimination in nearly all areas of public life (e.g. employment, public accommodation). In education, it mandated physical accessibility to institutions and reasonable accommodations for students.