I

Education in the UK: a history

  • Roman Occupation
    43

    Roman Occupation

    Start of the Roman occupation of Britain.
  • Roman Occupation
    43

    Roman Occupation

    The Romans introduce their administration and culture, including elements of their education system.
  • Governor Agricola sets up schools.
    77

    Governor Agricola sets up schools.

    The first recorded schools in Britain, established to 'romanize the sons of native chieftains'.
  • Governor Agricola sets up schools.
    77

    Governor Agricola sets up schools.

    The first recorded schools in Britain, established to 'romanize the sons of native chieftains'.
  • Christianity officially tolerated in the Roman Empire.
    311

    Christianity officially tolerated in the Roman Empire.

    Christianity spreads in Britain, but uses existing Roman educational models rather than creating its own.
  • Christianity officially tolerated in the Roman Empire.
    313

    Christianity officially tolerated in the Roman Empire.

    Christianity spreads in Britain, but uses existing Roman educational models rather than creating its own.
  • End of Roman rule in Britain.
    400

    End of Roman rule in Britain.

    The departure of the Romans leads to a severe decline in civilization and organized education for centuries.
  • End of Roman rule in Britain.
    400

    End of Roman rule in Britain.

    The departure of the Romans leads to a severe decline in civilization and organized education for centuries.
  • St. Augustine arrives in Canterbury.
    595

    St. Augustine arrives in Canterbury.

    A mission to convert the Anglo-Saxons. The churches he founded became centres of literacy and schooling.
  • Grammar School founded at Canterbury
    597

    Grammar School founded at Canterbury

    Considered the first known grammar school in England, which still exists today.
  • St. Augustine arrives in Canterbury.
    597

    St. Augustine arrives in Canterbury.

    A mission to convert the Anglo-Saxons. The churches he founded became centres of literacy and schooling.
  • Grammar School founded at Canterbury (The King's School).
    598

    Grammar School founded at Canterbury (The King's School).

    Considered the first known grammar school in England, which still exists today.
  • Augustine ordains bishops for London and Rochester.
    604

    Augustine ordains bishops for London and Rochester.

    It is believed that schools were also founded during this period.
  • Augustine ordains bishops for London and Rochester.
    604

    Augustine ordains bishops for London and Rochester.

    It is a "fair inference" that schools were founded alongside these new bishoprics.
  • 628

    School founded in East Anglia by Sigberct and Bishop Felix.

  • 632

    School founded in East Anglia by Sigberct and Bishop Felix.

    One of the first schools specifically for training choristers in church chanting.
  • Song School established at York.
    634

    Song School established at York.

    One of the first schools specifically for training choristers in church chanting.
  • Song School established at York.
    634

    Song School established at York.

    One of the first schools specifically for training choristers in church chanting.
  • Monastic cathedral of Lindisfarne founded.
    635

    Monastic cathedral of Lindisfarne founded.

    Became a major centre of missionary and educational work.
  • Monastic cathedral of Lindisfarne founded.
    635

    Monastic cathedral of Lindisfarne founded.

    Became a major centre of missionary and educational work.
  • Abbey of Whitby founded by Hild.
    656

    Abbey of Whitby founded by Hild.

    A double monastery that provided limited educational opportunities for girls.
  • Bede completes his Ecclesiastical History.
    710

    Bede completes his Ecclesiastical History.

    The primary written source of information about early English schools and culture.
  • Alcuin becomes schoolmaster at York.
    776

    Alcuin becomes schoolmaster at York.

    Under his leadership, the school at York set a new cultural standard, teaching a wide curriculum including the liberal arts and sciences.
  • Alcuin leaves York to join Charlemagne's court.
    782

    Alcuin leaves York to join Charlemagne's court.

    His departure symbolizes the transfer of English learning to the continent to fuel the Carolingian Renaissance.
  • Vikings sack Lindisfarne.
    793

    Vikings sack Lindisfarne.

    The beginning of Viking raids that destroyed monasteries, the primary centres of education.
  • Start of major Viking invasions.
    866

    Start of major Viking invasions.

  • Reign of King Alfred the Great in Wessex.
    871

    Reign of King Alfred the Great in Wessex.

    He successfully resisted the Vikings and initiated a revival of learning.
  • Alfred writes the preface to his translation of Pastoral Care.
    893

    Alfred writes the preface to his translation of Pastoral Care.

    He laments the decline of learning and describes his three-fold effort to revive it: reviving monasticism, educating the royal household, and promoting writing in English.
  • Ælfric, schoolmaster at Cerne, writes his educational works.
    990

    Ælfric, schoolmaster at Cerne, writes his educational works.

    He authors the Grammar, Glossary, and Colloquy, key textbooks that used English to teach Latin.
  • Reign of King Cnut.
    1016

    Reign of King Cnut.

    According to the historian Herman, Cnut sponsored the education of poor but clever boys for the clerical order.
  • Norman Conquest of England.
    1066

    Norman Conquest of England.

    A pivotal moment that brought England into the mainstream of European civilization and reorganized its church and schools.
  • Archbishop Lanfranc at Canterbury.
    1070

    Archbishop Lanfranc at Canterbury.

    A Norman reformer who, according to Leach, neglected the cathedral school in favour of monastic reform.
  • Schools begin to gain a more public and formal status.
    1100

    Schools begin to gain a more public and formal status.

    Education starts to become distinct from monasteries and great households. We can now speak of the "schools of Canterbury, Dunwich, or Gloucester" as identifiable institutions.