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The Germanic tribes (Anglos, Saxons, Scandinavians) invaded the British island. Its expansion developed a dialect: West Saxon, which was ultimately the official language of Great Britain. The structure of the sentence was not fixed, the order was subject + object + verb. There was no compulsory explicit subject. These works belong to genres as diverse as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, incantations, riddles, and others.
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Beowulf, the first great work of Germanic literature, mixes the legends of Scandinavia with the English experience of the Angles and the Saxons.
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Eddas material, taking shape in Iceland, derives from earlier sources in Norway, Great Britain, and Burgundy.
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William I, Duke of Normandy conquers England. In his reign the Norman dialect is adopted, later transformed into Anglo-Norman (cult).The English remained in the flat town. Medieval or Middle English was sparked by the Normans' invasion of Britain, when the Duke of Normandy defeated King Harold of Britain in the Battle of Hastings. The language was a dialect of French descent with Germanic influences, generally called Anglo-Norman. This fun brought English closer to what we know and use today
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Duns Scotus, known as the Subtle Doctor in medieval times, later gives humanists the name Dunsman, or dunce.
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A narrator who calls himself Will, and whose name may be Langland, begins Piers Plowman's epic poem.
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The courtly poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight tells of a mysterious visitor to King Arthur's round table.
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Thomas Malory, in prison somewhere in England, compiles Morte d'Arthur, an English account of King Arthur's French tales
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The English Renaissance saw the rise of the merchant class in Britain. Mathematics, science, technology, education, and exploration became more accessible to the masses. The feudal system was slowly dissolving as middle-class merchants increased their wealth. The works became popular as they appealed to all classes. Notable playwrights include Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare, arguably the greatest playwright of all time.
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William Tyndale studies at the University of Wittenberg and plans to translate the Bible into English
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Shakespeare's central character in Hamlet expresses both the ideals of the Renaissance and the disappointment of a less certain age.
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Restoration, Augustan and Age of Johnson
The Enlightenment - Era of logic and reason
Neoclassical writers tried to imitate the style of the Romans and Greeks, "Neo", which means "new" and "classical", which refers to classical works. The characteristics of the writing focused mainly on people's appearances rather than their true feelings or intentions. In contrast to the Renaissance, which viewed people as intrinsically good, neoclassical literature viewed man as "defective." -
Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, with its detailed realism, can be seen as the first English novel
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Clarissa by Samuel Richardson begins correspondence which becomes the longest novel in the English language
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Samuel Johnson publishes his Magisterial Dictionary of the English language
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English poets Wordsworth and Coleridge jointly publish Lyrical Ballads, a milestone in the romantic movement
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Romanticism went from reason, logic and science to a belief in the senses. Feelings, imagination and experiences were valued above all else. Previously the interest in urban society was emphasized, during this movement people focused on rural and natural life. The works consisted of extremely personal works that touched the mysterious and infinite world. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is a famous work of the romantic period.
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Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein, or Modern Prometheus, a gothic tale about giving life to an artificial man.
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The Victorian era saw a battle between Romantic Gothic and Neoclassical Enlightenment ideas. During this time, the middle class outnumbered the nobles. Many members of the upper middle class felt that they could join the ranks of their superiors and focused on acting as the dignitaries of the time. The characters and authors of this time period are often stereotyped for being stingy, hypocritical, and narrow-minded. Charles Dickens is a well-known Victorian author who wrote A Tale of Two Cities.
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English poet Robert Browning publishes a vivid narrative poem about The Terrible Revenge of The Pied Piper of Hamelin
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Six weeks after the charge of the Light Brigade in Crimea, Tennyson publishes a poem that finds heroism in the disaster
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English author Charles Kingsley publishes an improved fantasy for young children, The Water-Babies
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English author Matthew Arnold publishes Culture and Anarchy, an influential collection of essays on contemporary society.
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Oxford University Press publishes volume A of its New English Dictionary, which will take 37 years to reach Z
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English author Bram Stoker publishes Dracula, his gothic story of vampirism in Transylvania
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It is a literary movement that arises in Latin America whose aesthetic objective is the search for beauty as a means to flee from everyday reality and to show its disagreement with bourgeois materialist society.
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Rupert Brooke publishes Poems, the only collection that appears before his early death in World War I.
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English writer Ivy Compton-Burnett finds her distinctive voice in her second novel, Shepherds and Teachers.
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Virginia Woolf publishes the most fluid novel, The Waves, in which she tells the story through six interior monologues.
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English children's writer Enid Blyton introduces the famous five out of five on a treasure island
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Literary postmodernism, and although it is a difficult to define discipline, is at the same time a negation and an affirmation of the modernist paradigm. We say this since, while rejecting the ideas implicit in modernist literature, he has no qualms about continuing the experimentation regarding narrative structure initiated by modernist writers.
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John Osborne's Look Back in Anger work appears in Season 1 of London's new English Stage Company
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Roald Dahl publishes a fantasy gift for a hungry boy, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
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English playwright Caryl Churchill's first play, Owners, is in London
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Talking Heads , una serie de monólogos dramáticos del autor inglés Alan Bennett, se emite en la televisión británica.
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English novelist Sebastian Faulks publishes Birdsong, set in part in the trenches of World War I
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The advancement of technology and communication opens the doors to English for everyone. With the use of new technologies and with the economy of time, there is a great tendency to shorten messages while avoiding grammar. However, the normal language is still maintained.
