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Spain is defeated by the United States of America. Puerto Rico becomes a territory (possession) of the American Nation.
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John Eaton, Commissioner of Education, and assistant Victor Clark established that educators had to learn English in order to have a better chance of being hired.
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English & Spanish became official languages.
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- The Department of Public Instruction is created.
- Commissioner Brumbagh, assigned by President McKinley, established that at elementary level Spanish would be the method of instruction & English would be taught as a special subject. The opposite would apply to secondary level.
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President Theodore Roosevelt pushed the Commissioner of Education to make English the method of instruction for all grades.
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- Teachers are sent to study to the U.S.A.
- There is legislation for the Insular School to become the UPR.
- Establishment of an annual English test for Puerto Rican teachers and the classification system to select them (favoring those who acquired English).
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Education commissioner Grant Dexter, informs 35,000 students will benefit from English speakers teachers that had passed the exam. A separatist movement was born since some teachers considered English acquisition as an imposition as well as a threat to the island's identity.
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- English became the method of instruction in all grades.
- Creation of a law that forced Island's teachers to take an annual English exam. Those who failed were suspended until passing it. After two years, teaching license was revoked.
- American professors taught English to teachers in Puerto Rico, who would earn a $10 monthly salary raise if once English qualified.
- Techaer must demonstrated knowledge in Math, Geography, History, and English in a special test.
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All classes were taught in English, but the Spanish subject. Hygiene, Health, & Reading were offered in Spanish as well.
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The Law established Spanish instruction a must as well as its use for judicial processes.
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- Jose De Diego defense of Spanish instruction opposed Commissioner Miller's, who defended English instruction.
- Incidents and frictions among population caused Miller to go back to the U.S.
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DPI Commissioner, Juan B. Huyke ordered: English only even outside class, including all publications.
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Spanish instruction: K - 4th.
English used for half of the subjects' instruction from 5th. - 12th. -
Governor Blanton Swinthrop made English the method of instruction in all grades.
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- Commissioner Jose M. Gallardo wanted but couldn't create a bilingual program due to protestors in the Island. *U.S.A. President wanted English instruction only.
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- Jose Padin became the Education Commisioner and implemented Sppanish instruction from 1st. - 8th. grade. English is taught as a second language through special programs, becoming a subject starting at 1st. grade.
- Bilingual education was recommended with constant supervision.
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Only at secondary level
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His Commissioner, Mariano Villaronga, ordered Spanish instruction at all levels.
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Signed under President Johnson, Title VII was an amendment to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) recognizing the needs of Limited English Speaking Ability (LESA) people.
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- American funds are designated to P.R. to help meet the needs os students that migrated back and forth from the Island to the U.S. and viceversa since they showed no Spanish domain.
- Bilingual education: teaching Spanish and maintaining English
- Legislation was created towards: " The Elementary & Secondary Education Act", "The Vocational Education Act", "The Adult Education Act ", The Higher Education Act ".
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Case that emphasized the importance of bilingual education in the United States impacted Puerto Rico, being an American territory.
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- Bilingual projects are implemented in Padre Rufo & Papa Juan XXIII schools.
- The following were established: "The Bilingual Cultural Project" , " Pre-School Projects", " Bilingual & Cultural Transition Project", " The Bilingual Program", " Plan Estatal" which was aiming to meet the needs of 59,810 migrants.
- The Bilingual Education Programs become part of the Department of Public Instruction.
- Law of Bilingual Education Certification is signed.
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The Department of Public Instruction trained Puerto Ricans who lived in New York to teach so they could teach English in the Island.
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Out of the 716,138 student population, 84,834 were migrants of which 58,810 had special needs to be met.
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English as well as Spanish could be used, including business deals
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- Bilingual education projects were granted to " Universidad Metropolitana" , "Universidad Sagrado Corazon", " UniversidadTurabo", through the Deparment of Education.
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- Law #1 of 1991 is revoked: English & Spanish become the official languages
- The first director of the Bilingual Education Program is appointed.
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Bilingual Projects (BEC21 for elementary level & ES21 for Secondary one) are being implemented throughout the school system in order to meet everything contained in the federal law.
