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Jan 1, 1492
North America is rich in indigenous language
Language in this time is mostly body language due to the diversity of Indians, and British settlers, and inability to understand each other’s language. -
Spain establish missions in what is now California
Spanish rulers replace the indigenous language with Spanish. -
US articles of confederation are Witten in English, French, and Germens.
Early acknowledgement of the many languages in America. -
Europeans Americans settle Western U.S
Mexicans and Indians are excluded from whites-only schools -
U.S government sings a treaty with Cherokee tribes
U.S government recognizes the language rights of the Cherokee tribes. -
Ohio adopts bilingual education
Schools can operate in germen, and in English by parenteral request. -
Mexican territory is annexed to the United States in the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Mexican is appointed territory in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Utah and Nevada; they have the right to use Spanish in their courts, schools, and employment places every day. -
Federal government forces Native Americans children to attend off-reservation schools
Federal government forces Native Americans children to attend off-reservation schools -
First anti-bilingual education legislation is passed
Wisconsin and Illinois is trying to develop English only schools. -
U.S wins Spanish-American war and colonizes Puerto Rico and the Philippines
Public and private schools are forced to use English as a language of instruction. -
Congress passes English requirements for naturalized citizenship
First national English-language requirement. -
The governor of Iowa band the use of any foreign language in public.
Germans are the target mobs ride schools to burn Germen textbooks; the 15th state legislate deems English as the basic language of instruction. -
Ku Klux Klan members in Maine burn crosses in hostility to French Americans
French is forbidden to be spoken in schools in Maine. -
Meyer v. Nebraska
Supreme Court bands English only laws in a case brought by German only Americans. -
Del Rio independent school district v. Salvatierra
Del Rio independent school district fights for Mexicans to not be segregates; however, the higher court rules that segregating is necessary to teach Mexican students English. -
Lemon Grove v. Alvarez
A state superior court states that segregation is illegal in the state of California. -
Massive IQ test of Puerto Ricans in New York
Thousands of New your Puerto Ricans launch a campaign for bilingual education. -
Japanese-language schools are closed.
Japanese are incarcerated in internment camps with English-only schools. -
Mendez v. Westminster School District
The U.S. Ninth District Court applies the 14th amendment; Schools must be open to all children regardless of lineage. -
Immigrants fleeing the Cuban revolution demanded Spanish- language schooling.
Dude county Florida, immigrants stand together for rights for Spanish-English bilingual education. -
The civil rights act: title VI
Prohibits denial of equal access to education based on color, race, or national origin. -
ESEA Title VII offers funding for bilingual educational programs.
First bilingual kindergarten in New York City; first bilingual education major at Brooklyn College. -
10,000 Chicanos boycott schools in Los Angeles demanding bilingual education and more Latino teachers.
Leaders of boycott was arrested; boycott spreads throughout the U.S -
Bilingual programs research only one out of every forth Mexican-American student in the southwest.
U.S Office of Civil Rights act begins enforcing competence with judicial mandates. -
Serna v. Portales municipal schools
The first federal court orders for educational instructions to be in native language and couture as part of desegregation plan. -
Keyes v. school district no. 1 Denver, Colorado.
Mexican must be covered by brown v. board of education; Mexican must not be labels whites and used to create a falsely desegregated school with only blacks and Latinos. -
Lau v. Nichols
U.S Supreme Court establishes the rightist for students who are treated different based on their language status. -
Equal educational opportunities act
No state shall deny opportunity to students on account of their race, color, sex, or natural origin; in addition educators must take action to overcome language barriers. -
Lau remedies guidelines from the U.S. commissioner of education.
Standardized requirements for identifying, testing, and placement for bilingual programs. -
Rios v. read
Federal state court rules that bilingual programs must include culture. -
Castaneda v. Packard
The Fifth Circuit Court tests the 1974 EEOA stature outlining the three programs for EL students: the must be (1) sound educational theory, (2) implemented effectively, and (3) educated in overcoming language barriers. -
Plyler v. Doe
The Supreme Court decides that children of illegal emigrants should have the opportunity to attend public schools. -
Gomez v. Illinois state board of education
State school boards must enforce, and be in compliance with the EEOA regulations; they must also serve English language learners. -
Florida consent decree
The federal district mandates a teacher’s preparation school for English language learners. -
California passes proposition 187 witch makes it legal to provide public education for illegal immigrants
Proposition was over turned because it violates Player v. Doe. -
California’s voters approved unz initiative proposition initiative proposition 227
Requires that K-12 instructing be mostly in English restricting the use of primary language in Arizona, Massachusetts, and Maine. -
individuals with disabilities education improvement act
Congress assigned educating for students with disabilities to be equal and accountable. -
No child left behind act
Federal funding is available for to support to educate English language learners -
williams et al v. state of california
California schools must pervade access to textbooks, facilities, and teaching staff including teachers of English learners.
