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First official reports of the finding of gold in Australia by J McBrien. The information was suppressed.
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Geologists P E Strzelecki and Rev W B Clarke find gold near Hartley.
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Transportation of convicts to NSW ceased.
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Gold discovered in California (announced in December 1848).
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Californian gold rush. A great many Australians sailed for California.
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Governor Fitzroy approached the Colonial Office, advocating a policy for the exploitation of mineral resources. He requested a geologist, which led to the appointment of Samuel Stutchbury. This gave approval for the mining of mineral resources.
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Edward Hargraves returned from California and washed gold at Summer Hill Creek Ophir.Athough he showed little skill in discovering new fields, he received recognition and financial rewards. The early rush to the NSW fields led to a serious decline in the population in Victoria, so a reward was offered for the discovery of gold in that region. Several claimants came forward, and by the endof 1851 the incredibly rich Ballarat and Bendigo fields were in production.Licence fees of 30/- month were
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Prospectors started arriving from overseas. Approximately 100 000 arrived in1852. Ships' crews deserted. Women were left while their husbands went in earch of gold. Australia's population went from 404 276 to 1 097 305 between
1850 and 1860. Small gold deposits were discovered in New Zealand. -
The licence fee in NSW was reduced to 10/- a month after near riots at Turon.Victoria followed suit a few months later.
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Discontent with the licensing system and lack of political rights came to a head in he Eureka Stockade. An inquiry followed.
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In Victoria, the licence was replaced with the `Miner's Right', costing 1/- per anum and carrying the right to vote. An export duty of 2s 6d per ounce was laced on gold instead.
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NSW adopted similar changes in licensing and voting to Victoria.
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A small deposit of gold was discovered north of Fitzroy River in north Queensland.The few acres were soon exhausted by the arrivals. 5000-6000 footsore penniless diggers had to be helped to return to Victoria or to the inland NSW goldfields.
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Gold discovered in British Columbia (25 000 prospectors).
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An influx of Chinese miners meant that by 1860 one fifth of all adult men in Victoria were Chinese.
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Lambing Flat riots, in which whites attacked Chinese miners.
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Workable gold discovered in New Zealand. Between 1861 and 1863, 64 000 people travelled to Otago from Australia,while only 8600 arrived from Britan
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Gold discovered at Coolgardie, WA.
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A valuable gold field discovered in Gympie, Queensland.
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Valuable deposits of very deep gold discovered on the Rand, South Africa. It too money and machinery to extract this gold.
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Gold discovered at Kalgoorlie, WA.
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1896
Gold discovered in Alaska. The first goldfields were alluvial or surface goldfields, where the gold could be washed or winnowed from the soil.The life of these goldfields was short. In Victoria In 1852 it was estimated that the value of gold found by diggers was short
average of 324 oz per head. By 1856 it had fallen to 103 oz and it further declined to 78 oz in 1856.In Victoria in 1856, there were 115 000 prospectors (or alluvial diggers) By 1865, the number had declined to 80 000.
