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Mesa Verde is abandoned
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Utes 1300 - 1500
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Spanish claim to Greenhorn Valley
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1541 - Coronado, famed Spanish explorer, may have crossed the southeastern corner of present Colorado on his return march to Mexico after vain hunt for the golden Seven Cities of Cibola.
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1640
Ute Indians, enslaved by the Spanish, flee New Mexico with 300 head of horses. This is the first documented possession of the horse by Native Americans. -
1000's of horses are released in a Pueblo Indians uprising against their Spanish overlords 1680. These horses formed the Mustang herds. This began the nomadic Indian horsemen.
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1682 - Explorer La Salle appropriates for France all of the area now known as Colorado east of the Rocky Mountains.
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Bands of Utes encamped near Abiquiu, New Mexico for a trade fair, fight among themselves. One band splits off and is thereafter referred to as “Comanches,” from a Ute word “komatchia, he who wants to fight me all the time.” They gradually spread their influence from northwest Colorado, down the Front Range (including the Colorado Springs area).
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General Juan Ulibarri passes thru Greenhorn Valley
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Antonio de Valverde passes thru the Greenhorn Valley
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Pedro de Villasur passes thru the Greenhorn Valley
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Cuerno Verde (Greenhorn) dies in a battle with Juan Bautista de Anza
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Colorado is part of Colony of Louisiana
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Charles Bent (1799 - 1847)
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France territory 1800 - 1803
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1803 Louisiana Purchase
1804 becomes District of Louisiana
1805 becomes Louisiana Territory -
Colorado is part of the Louisiana Purchase (Unorganized)
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Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4, 1803
October 21, 1803, the Senate authorized Jefferson to take possession of the territory and establish a temporary military government. -
Louisiana Territory
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Simon Turley Taos distillery
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Captain Zebulon Montgomery Pike attempts to climb Pikes Peak
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Pike did get to Santa Fe. After his Christmas camp on the Arkansas, which he supposed to be the Red, he went downstream, worked around the Royal Gorge, and found his old camp. He realized he had been on the Arkansas all along. He headed southwest into the San Luis Valley, where he built a stockade before his capture by Spanish soldiers on Feb. 26, 1807
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Charles Autobees
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The world's first steam locomotive goes into service on the Killingworth colliery railway. Killingworth, Newcastle England
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"Uncle Dick" Wootton (1816 - 1893)
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Alexander Hicklin (1819 - 1874)
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Major Stephen H. Long records finding Ute Pass and the UteTrail. Dr. James, along with a soldier and the wagon master, succeeds in climbing “great peak.” In honor of this feat, Major Long confers the name “James Peak” on the mountain. Pike’s and Fremont’s writings of the area prove more popular, however, and the public comes to regard the mountain as “Pikes Peak.”
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Missouri territory includes part of Colorado.
The Missouri Compromise is the title generally attached to the legislation passed by the 16th United States Congress on May 8, 1820. The measures provided for the admission of Maine as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state. -
South of the Arkansas becomes the Mexican Republic
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North of the Arkansas is part of the Missouri Territory.
South of the Arkansas is part of New Spain -
Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe Trail runs approximately where I-25 is today
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Jacob Fowler and party hike through Greenhorn Valley on route to Taos
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Construction begins on the first US Railroad. Baltimore & Ohio (B&O)
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Jedediah Strong Smith and William Sublette lead the first covered wagon train from the Missouri River to the Rockies.
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Modern Sewing Machine is devised by Walter Hunt of New York.
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The Supreme Court rules the U.S. Government has exclusive authority over tribal Indians and their lands withing any state. Worcester v. Georgia
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Fort William
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Charlie Autobee works for Simeon Turley
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1836 - Texas becomes independent republic and claims narrow strip of mountain territory extending northward through Colorado to 42nd parallel.
1848 - By Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico cedes to United States most of that part of Colorado not acquired by Louisiana Purchase. -
Republic of Texas
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The Alamo at San Antonio, TX falls.
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The Oregon Trail is mapped by John Charles Fremont and Christopher Kit Carson.
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It was known as “Fort el Pueblo”, or as “el Pueblo de San Carlos”, or “the Pueblo of St. Charles”. But for short, it was called by Americans generally, “the Pueblo”, or “St. Charles”.
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Rufus B. Sage, 19-22 September 1842. Sage was traveling south along the old trail with four companions. Their destination was Taos in Mexican territory.
“Sept. 22d. Crossing the Arkansas, I for the first time set foot upon Mexican soil.”
Source: Rocky Mountain Life, by Rufus B. Sage. (Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1982). -
Ceran St. Vrain land granted
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Hardscrabble Settlement is started by Alexander Barclay, George Simpson and Joseph Doyle
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John Brown store on the Greenhorn Creek Crossing
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The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War in the United States and in Mexico as the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States from 1846 to 1848.
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Charles Bent is appointed Territorial Governor
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Charles Bent is killed during the Taos Uprising
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1848 - By Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico cedes to United States most of that part of Colorado not acquired by Louisiana Purchase.
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Bill New joins Greenhorn Community
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Colorado South of the Arkansas is part of Texas after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Colorado becomse "Unorganized Territory" after the Compromise of 1850
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September 9, 1850, organized the Territory of Utah (Includes Western Colorado)
California was admitted to the Union as the 16th free state. In exchange, the south was guaranteed that no federal restrictions on slavery would be placed on Utah or New Mexico. -
Introduction of the The Colt Revolving Belt Pistol of Naval Caliber, later known as the Colt 1851 Navy or Navy Revolver.
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Fort Massachusetts was a military installation built in the San Luis Valley in Southern Colorado. It was located near the western bank of Ute Creek on the base of Mount Blanca.
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Captain J W Gunnison sends Beckwith and five other ment ot scout for and find the Greenhorn settlement.
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Gunnison and seven of his men are killed by Paiutes
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New Mexican Territory
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Kansas-Nebraska Act signed
recognition of Kansas and Nebraska as organized U.S. territories -
Colorado is divided in three parts after the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Nebraska Territory, Kansas Territory, New Mexico Territory -
Utes led by Blanco Massacred the occupants of Fort Pueblo
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March 30, 1855 “Border Ruffians” elected a pro-slavery legislature in the Kansas Territory through brutality and intimidation.
On March 30, 1855, an election was held to choose members of the territorial legislature. The Missourians, or "Border Ruffians," as they were called, poured over the line. They swelled the numbers from 2,905 registered voters to 6,307 actual ballots cast. Only 791 voted against slavery. -
Ceran St. Vrain celebrates July 4th from the summit of Greenhorn Mountain
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Dona Estefana Bent marries Alexander hicklin in Taos
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Gold Rush in Colorado
Gold is found near Denver, in central Colorado, and leads to the Pikes Peak Gold Rush -
Fort Garland was established in 1858 to protect settlers in the San Luis Valley, then part of the New Mexico Territory. The fort was abandoned in 1883
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Denver is founded in Kansas Territory
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Hicklins arrive on the Greenhorn
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Joseph B Doyle begins farming on the Huerfano after purchasing two square miles of property from St. Vrain-Vigil grant.
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Greenhorn village centered around Alexander Hicklin Ranch House
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Frontiersmen met at Uncle Dick Wootton's Tavern on Cherry Creek to form Jefferson Territory.
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Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Jefferson
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The first Pony Express riders leave St Joseph Missouri and deliver mail to Sacramento California.
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Colorado Territory is created by Congress and approved by President James Buchanan.
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American Civil War (Apr 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865)
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Greenhorn Valley becomes part of Huerfano County
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The so-called Bloody Espinosas were two brothers—some contend they were cousins—and a nephew who terrorized southern Colorado in the early 1860s
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On November 29, 1864, troops under Chivington attacked a peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho camp at Sand Creek on the reserve established for them under the Treaty of Fort Wise. This event became known as the Sand Creek Massacre.
A 675-man force of Colorado U.S. Volunteer Cavalry attacked and destroyed a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Native Americans. -
In 1865 the boundary of Pueblo was established. 09 Jan 1868
PUEBLO gained from FREMONT, HUERFANO, and gained part of the Cheyenne Indian Reserve. (Colo. Terr. Laws 1867, 7th sess., ch. 20, p. 164) http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/CO_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm#Individual_County_Chronologies -
Stagecoach - Barlow, Sanderson and Co.
Stagecoach with a stop at Greenhorn -
Joseph B. Doze settled in what is now Huerfano County
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Silver Boom in Colorado
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1870 - On Feb. 11, the Colorado legislature changed Pueblo County’s borders reducing Huerfano County’s boundaries. http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/CO_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm#Individual_County_Chronologies
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George Sears arrives on Graneros Creek
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First Train Arrives in Pueblo
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D&RG grading south of Pueblo towards Trinidad started up again in early 1874. By 1876, the line had reached as far south as it would go for a number of years - El Moro.
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Greenhorn Settlement on Graneros Creek
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Pueblo to Old Cucharas segment of the D&RG completed Febreuary, 22 1875
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Colorado becomes a state
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Pueblo has a population of 3,217
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Trinidad has a population of 2,226
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Fire on the mountain west of Pine Grove Ranch.
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Steel production begins at CF&I in Pueblo.
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Marion Mine
Mid 1870's Zina Fairchilds finds a promising vein of Quartz.
Mine in operation 1906 - 1915 -
Consolidated properties become Hayden Ranch
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Shady Greenhorn - Fossceco Family
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Squirrel Creek Campground becomes the first national forest campground in the country.
The Campground was washed away by a 1947 flood. -
1930's
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