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HISTORY OF MUSIC

By mgarrosa
  • Period: 504 to 604

    Pope Gregory the Great

    The first compiller of Gregorian chant, we call it like him in honour of him.
  • Period: 600 to 800

    Styles of Gregorian Chant

    Syllabic, one note per syllable. Neumatic, a small group of notes each syllable. Melismatic, a lot of notes per syllable.
  • Period: 600 to 800

    Gregorian Chant

    The Roman Catholic Church compiled its liturgical plainsongs.
    Characterictics:
    - Monophonic texture
    - Uses modal scales and and is in free time
    - The text is in Latin, with a religious theme
    - Performed by male voices, alternates between a soloist and a choir, or between two choirs. It was necessary to write them down, so the first symbols were called neumes and and they were written in the tops of trhe words. A neumatic notational system was used on a four line-stave
  • 800

    Secular vocal music

    The main characteristics are:
    -It,s has monoponic texture, but with musical accompaniment.
    -It uses modal scales and rhythmic modes.
    -It,s written in the local language.
    -It,s performed by male and female voices.
  • 800

    First rules of musical notation

    The first symbols were called NEUMES and they were written on the top of the words to show the changes of the pitch.
    A neumatic notational system was used, on a four-line stave
  • Period: 800 to 1500

    Medieval Liturgical Polyphony forms

    ORGANUM, earliest form. The main voice was Gregorian Chant melody and a second voice was added.
    DICANTUS, new voice was added that moved in contrary motion.
    CONDUCTUS, new composition for two or more voices. Same rhythm and syllabic style.
  • Period: 800 to 1500

    Liturgical polyphony

    In the 9th century, a second voice was added to plaisong and polyphony was born. Musical notation envolved a more precise system to write the rhythmic richness of the more complex polyphony. MUENSURAL NOTATION include the first symbols related to metre and assigned different note values depending on the duration of the note.
  • Period: 992 to 1050

    Guido d'Arezzo

    Guido of Arezzo was an Italian music theorist of the Medieval era. He is regarded as the inventor of modern musical notation that replaced neumatic notation. His text, the Micrologus, was the second most widely distributed treatise on music in the Middle Ages.
  • Period: 1098 to 1179

    Hildegard von Bingen

    Hildegard of Bingen, also known as Saint Hildegard and Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, visionary, and polymath. She is considered to be the founder of scientific natural history in Germany. Hildegard was elected magistra by her fellow nuns in 1136; she founded the monasteries of Rupertsberg in 1150 and Eibingen in 1165. One of her works as a composer, the Ordo Virtutum.
  • Period: 1100 to 1200

    Ars Antiqua

    Refers to music developed between this period, mainly by the schools in Paris and Santiago.
  • Period: 1100 to 1200

    Carmina Burana

    s a famous collection of this type of composition and the manuscriptdates.
  • 1200

    Goliards

    People who were wandering clerics or mendicant students.
  • 1200

    Mensural notation

    This new form of musical expression became more and more complex and reached its maximum level
  • 1200

    Cantigas de Santa María

    There were written in songbooks from the reing of the King Alfonso X the Wise.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJfM9QWKbLU
  • Period: 1300 to 1400

    Ars nova

    Refers to music developed between this period, coinciding with mensural notation.
  • 1453

    Renaissance textures

    Renaissance music developed new textures for several parts, combining them in different ways.
    -Imitative counterpoint, several melodic lines that start at different times.
    -Homorhythmic homophony, several similar melodic lines that move simultaneously.
    -Melody-dominated homophonic, a main melodic line that can be identified with harmonic accompainment. Musical textures
    Imitative counterpoint
  • 1453

    Religious vocal music

    Three main forms:
    -Motet, this form became the most important, religious and included more parts. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ro2JTnfmjzA)
    -Mass, long composition with liturgical text. In Latin. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJtRXzyWul8)
    -Chorale, the most common form in the Protestant liturgy based on pre-existing melodies sung in the vernacular (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eo8_-Uo4Is8)
  • 1453

    Instrumental forms RENAISSANCE

    -Compositions based on vocal music, tiento
    -Compositions with an improvisational feel, toccata
    -Variations, diferencias
  • 1453

    Secular vocal music (RENAISSANCE)

    Italy; madrigal was the dominant form. (https://www.historyandheadlines.com/top-10-madrigal-composers-renaissance-era/)
    England; songs ,1 voice+instrumental accompainment
    France; chanson ,several voices+instrumental accompainment (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ze0a3b1j02w)
    Spain; romance, villancico and ensalada
  • Period: 1453 to

    The Modern period and the Renaissance

    The modern period started with the fall of the Bizantine Empire in1453 and ended with the French Revolution in 1789.
    The Renaissance was an influential cultural movement that started in Italy and spread all over Europe during the 15th and 16th.
  • 1500

    Perfection liturgical polyphony

    This new form of musical expression became more and more complex and reached its maximum level.
  • Period: to

    Baroque music

    Baroque music is a period or style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750. This era followed the Renaissance music era, and was followed in turn by the Classical era. Baroque music forms a major portion of the "classical music" canon, and is now widely studied, performed, and listened to. Key composers of the Baroque era include Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, Claudio Monteverdi.
  • Period: to

    Basso continuo

    Basso continuo is a form of musical accompaniment used in the Baroque period. It means "continuous bass". Basso continuo, sometimes just called "continuo", was played by a keyboard instrument and another bass instrument such as cello, violone (an old form of double bass) or bassoon. The keyboard instrument was normally a harpsichord, or, if it was being played in a church, an organ.
  • Period: to

    Instrumental baroque music

    This era followed the Renaissance, and was followed in turn by the Classical era. The word “baroque” comes from the Portuguese word barroco, meaning misshapen pearl, a negative description of the ornate and heavily ornamented music of this period. Later, the name came to apply also to the architecture of the same period. During the baroque era, instrumental music became as important as vocal music.
  • Period: to

    Baroque orchestra

    The Baroque orchestra is the type of large ensemble for mixed instruments that existed during the Baroque Era of Western Classical music, commonly identified as 1600–1750. Baroque orchestras are typically much smaller, in terms of the number of performers, than Romantic music era orchestras from the 1800s.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoA7oY8daoc
  • Period: to

    Baroque instrumental forms

    Certain forms of musical compositions were very popular, or were introduced, developed and perfected during the Baroque era. Many of these forms have remained popular forms of music till today. As a matter of fact, most of today's music forms are based on what had been coined by the Baroque composers. Types: Concerto Grosso;
    Fugue;
    Suite; (usually comprized of Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue, Gavotte, Minuet);
    Sonata; (such as Sonata da camera, and Trio Sonata);
  • Period: to

    Baroque opera

    There are 2 main types:
  • Period: to

    Baroque dance and ballet

    Baroque dance is theatrical and social dancing of the European upper classes from around 1650–1760. In practice it often means the style originating in France, since this is the style about which we have the most information. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZWDrjLO7r4

  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

    He was an Austrian composer. He is known as the "father of the symphony" and the "father of the string quartet"

  • Ludwig Van Beethoven

    He was a composer, conductor and German pianist. His musical legacy covers, chronologically, from Classicism to the beginnings of Romanticism.

  • Musical Nationalism Romantic Period

    Russia, Pyotr Ilyich and The Five
    -Hungary, Béla Bartók. Ethnomusicology
    -Spain, Isaac Albéniz and Enrique Granados

  • Compositions for piano

    Russia, Pyotr Ilyich and The Five
    -Hungary, Béla Bartók. Ethnomusicology
    -Spain, Isaac Albéniz and Enrique Granados

  • Symphonic music romatic period

    Symphony Orchestra
    Symphony concerto
    Programme music
    Programme symphony
    Symphony poem 1832
    Romantic dance and ballet
  • Period: to

    Vocal music romantic period

    -An OPERA is a form of theatre.
    ·Italy, bel canto and verismo
    ·France, grand opéra and operetta
    ·Germany, leitmotiv
    -ZARZUELA is a Spanish traditional form of musical comedy.
    ·Zarzuela grande
    .Género chico
    -LIED
  • Period: to

    romantic period

    -Tonal scales, tonality, and modality
    -Freedom
    -Virtuosity
    -Melody and emotions
    -Vocabulary, dynamics, and tempo
    -Textures and harmonies
    -Unity in the piece
    Classical Music from the Romantic Period
  • Period: to

    Erik Satie

    Erik Satie was ...
    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Erik-Satie

  • First movements

    First half of the 20th-century [https://youtu.be/_OwKkz4M6K0] movements:
    Impresionism
    -Claude Debussy Expresionism
    -Alban Berg Atonaity and twelve-tone technique
    -Arnold Schonberg Neoclassicim
    -Igor Stravinski

  • Instruments of the 20th century

    Electrophones
    -Theremin, is a monophonic instrument
    -Ondes Martenot, is a monophonic instrument
    -Synthesiser, is a polyphonic instrument
    -Sampler, is a polyphonic instrument
    Idiophones
    -Vibraphone, is a pitched idiophone
  • Period: to

    The 20th century

    The 20th-entury was a revolutionary part of the music in which it appeared lots of movements. Some general characteristics were:
    -Novelty, experimentation and originality
    -New musical lenguage
    -Different ways of representing music
    -New computerr resources Music from the early 1900's

  • Generación del 27

    Joaquin Modrigo
    Federico Mompou
  • Period: to

    Sofia gubaidulina

    She was...
    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Gubaidulina

  • Second movements

    After the 2nd World War, artist continued creating new movements:
    Aleatoric music
    -John Cage Music concrète
    -Pierre Boulez Electronic music
    -Karlheinz Stockhausen Electroacustic music
    -Karlheinz Stockhausen Minimal music
    -Steve Reich

  • Generación del 51

    Composers of the "Generación del 51":
    Luis de Pablo
    Critóbal Halffter