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Bandmaster, best known for marches. Promoted American wind-band tradition, outgrowth of British military bands.
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Italian composer and conductor, became the official composer of the Fascist regime in the 1930s.
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American, popularized ragtime.
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American composer and pianist, very successful in Europe, wrote scholarly articles.
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Leader in English music, collector and editor of folksongs, hymns, teacher, and conductor.
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Not interested in nationalism, master of melody, virtuosic pianist, toured the US.
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Innovative and original American composer. Not completely atonal. Polytonal, polyrhythms, and polymeters. "Americana" style.
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English, influenced by folksong and Hindu mysticism. Original composer and important teacher.
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Principal Spanish composer of the 20th century. Used Spanish popular folk music, international fame.
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Hungarian composer and pianist, important ethnomusicologist, known for rhythmic music, incorporated his own native folk music into compositions.
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Canadian, pianist, studied with Boulanger. Helped found the National Association of Negro Musicians.
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Versatile and interesting 20th century composer. Rhythmic style, harmonically interesting.
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Hungarian, ethnomusicologist, music educator, created movable 'do' solfege system.
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Italian futurist painter, composer, and builder of experimental musical instruments.
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Important teacher of composers in 20th century, most prominent American composers of the first half of the century studied with her. Conductor, composer. Helped composers find their "voice."
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First black female composer to have a symphony performed by a major American orchestra.
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Precursor to jazz, developed from African-American piano style with syncopated rhythms.
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Musical genre derived from African American performance traditions that used "blues notes" or bent pitches.
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Russian composer, orchestral/piano/film music.
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French composer, first woman to win the Prix de Rome (1913), sister of Nadia.
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First black American composer to have a symphony and opera performed by a major ensemble. First black American to conduct a major symphony orchestra.
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John Cage's teacher, American innovator who was drawn to non-Western music. Coined the term "tone cluster."
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Influential American composer, pianist, and conductor. Worked in Hollywood, successfully fused jazz and pop music.
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American jazz composer, band-leader, an pianist. Unique big-band jazz, one of the first African American composers to cross races with his music.
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Composer, teacher, critic, conductor, and sponsor of concerts. (First to have multi-faceted career) Mostly tonal music, studied with Nadia Boulanger. Traits: vigorous, mixed meters, open intervals, solos, clean/transparent, folk songs.
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African American jazz musician who revolutionized jazz. Singer, band leader, and trumpeter.
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Versatile, most important Russian composer during his time.
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American composer, influential teacher and composer for 50 years.
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American composer and accomplished singer. Child prodigy and gifted melodist, continued a successful conservative tonality in the midst of 20th century musical experimentaitons.
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Use of tone clusters.
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American composer and philosopher, most innovative composer of the 20th century. Changed definition of music, used indeterminacy, he was the center of avant-garde music in the mid-20th century.
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Creed/manifesto made of essays depicting the history and future of sound according to Russolo.
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Leading female blues singer. Broke racial barriers by performing with white bands.
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"Collaborated" with Duke Ellington for many years. Known for composing A Train.
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American musical style influenced from West African music.
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American conductor, composer, teacher, author, pianist. Influential American composer of the 20th century, brought classical music to the public via various media.
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Famous French composers/musicians/performers; Durey, Honegger, Milhaud, Tailleferre, Auric, Poulenc.
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Cultural capital of African American arts (literature, painting, and music). Included William Grant Still and Langston Hughes.
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- Imported Western art music
- Vernacular music
- Sacred (vocal, old-fashioned)
- Small amount of art music by American composers
- University schools just starting
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Style of composition that focused on musical elements other than pitch. Percussion ensembles were given a new status in concert music.
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Highly improvisational style of New Orleans jazz to the "big band" era.
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American composer and conductor. Considered one of the best film score composers in America.
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Written by Gershwin, intended to be American folk opera. First opera with an all black cast.
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Orchestral piece, cultivated music in young children with a narrator.
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Orchestral work with no specific genre. Written in 1906 but not published until 1940. Contrasting timbres throughout the piece (strings/solo trumpet/wind "quartet")
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New "cool" jazz with fast tempos, dissonant solos.
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French concept, relied on natural sourced sounds and altered by different means.
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Ballet, portrays a pioneer celebration in spring around a newly-built farmhouse. Made an orchestral suite drawn from the ballet; used to sell music to different markets.
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Art song from a song cycle echoing Schoenberg's "Pierrot Lunaire." Text by Langston Hughes, a song about rejection in love because of color. Chromatic harmony, blues influence.
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"Chance music" was a new concept of composition that left one or more musical elements in performance up to chance.
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Blend of musical styles from blues and honky-tonk to create a new genre.
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Operetta, revised by Bernstein in 1989. Based on Voltaire, chorus duet.
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Musical theater (Romeo and Juliet saga).
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American composer, conductor, and lecturer. Known for virtual choir project, large online, musical performances, and neo-tonal style.