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A greek mathematician who determined that the earh's circumference was 42000 KM. (Actually 40032 km.) He used trigonometry and the angle of the sun from the earth.
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Norse Pirates (from Norway, Sweden, Finland.) Explored so that they could find places to plunder.
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Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal funded explorers to sail around Africa to find trade routes to Asia.
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Christopher Columbus lands in the west indies and thinks that he is in Asia. Gets the credit for discovering North America when he didn't really land on the mainland.
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in 1519, Magellan set sail to travel around (circumavigate) the world.
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Magellan is killed in the Phillipines.
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The 18 remaining members of Magellan's crew finish sailing around the world. However, Magellan gets all the credit for being the first to travel around the world.
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The fisrt book that talked soley about ocean science. Written by Luigi Marsigli.
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English voyager. Mapped the pacfic ocean. Gathered data on many aspects of the ocean including the geology, geography, biology and chemistry. He took three voyages to collect all of his data. His first voyage started in 1768.
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Captain James Cook first voyage ended in 1771
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Cook's second voyage started in 1772.
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He second voyage ended in 1775.
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Benjamin Franklin mapped the course of the gulf stream to help with shipping the mail between England and the US.
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His third voyage started in 1778
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His third voyage ended in 1779
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Charles Darwin boarded the HMS Beagle. He was the ship's naturalist and observed the fossils of the continents and islands they landed on, such as the Giant Sloth of South America. On the Galapagos Islands, he also observed the differences between the island's finches and the island's tortoises. From these observations, he came up with the theory of natural selection. He also came up with the theory of atolls from observing the atolls.
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The HMS Beagle returns from it's 5yr voyage around the world.
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The HMS Challenger was the first ship that was funded for the scientific purpose of studying the ocean, such as the salt content, currents and depth of the ocean. It was a British ship and founded the deepest point in the mariana trench (the deepest trench in the world), which was named after it--the challenger deep.
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Fridtjof Nansen sailed to the north pole to see if there was land up there. Enter by Alaska and came out by Greenland three years later, proving that the North Pole is landless because of the currents
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WHOI (Woodshole Oceanographic Institute) aquired the submersable Alvin in 1964. The submersable can go down to 4,5000 metres. Alvin was named after the designer, Allyn Vine and is owned by the US Navy.
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Alvin recovers some H-bombs that the Navy accidentally dropped in the Meditteranean Sea by Spain.
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Through the FAMOUS program, Alvin goes to observe the mid-atlantic ridge.
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Alvin explored the east pacific rise and found hydrothermal vents (black smokers). People thought that the guys in Alvin were crazy at first.
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Alvin discovers where the RMS Titanic had sunk to the bottom of the ocean.
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Alvin is currently being completly remodeled and made anew. :)
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Leif Eriksson was the son of Erik the Red and was also an explorer. He was the first European to come to North America (beyond Greenland). He landed in Nova Scotia, which he called "Vineland"
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Greenland was discovered b Erik the Red (called so because of the colour of his hair) when he was exiled from Norway, then Iceland because of some killings. He went back to Iceland and later returned to Greenland with 500 other people and domestic animals to settle Greenland
