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Ruled that segregated public schools are unconstitutional. This decision helped establish the idea of equal access in education. It later influenced movements toward educational inclusion for all learners. -
Expanded the federal role in improving educational opportunities. It supported students impacted by poverty and helped open doors for later disability-related protections. This law is a foundation for later reforms like NCLB and ESS -
Multiple court cases since the early 1970s have shaped students’ rights in special education. These cases strengthened protections for students with disabilities and clarified responsibilities for schools. They continue to influence how services and placements are decided today. -
This 1975 law required public schools receiving federal funds to educate students with disabilities. It pushed schools to evaluate students, create educational plans, and include students with nondisabled peers when appropriate. It later became IDEA. -
The IEP is a legal document that outlines a student’s goals, services, and accommodations. It is created by a team that includes educators and parents (and the student when appropriate). General education teachers help implement the supports listed in the IEP -
LRE means students with disabilities should learn with nondisabled peers as much as appropriate. Placement decisions should be based on student needs, not labels. This supports inclusion while still allowing a continuum of services when needed. -
Child Find requires schools to identify students who may have disabilities. It supports early identification and planning so students can receive needed services. This is important because support begins with finding and evaluating student needs. -
NCLB increased accountability through standardized testing and reporting. It required schools to track progress for student groups, including students with disabilities. It also brought more attention to accommodations during assessments. -
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ESSA replaced NCLB and continued the focus on educational accountability. It gave states more flexibility while keeping requirements for measuring student progress. ESSA also continues expectations for supporting diverse learners, including students with disabilities.
