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Democritus' mentor came up with the hypothesis in 465 bc. But it was later adopted and revised by Democritus. It states that atoms are miniscule amounts of matter, that they cannot be destroyed, they differ in size & temperature, that they are always moving, and that they are invisible in miniscule amounts of matter, that they cannot be destroyed, they differ in size & temperature, that they are always moving, and that they are invisible
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Antoine Lavoisier was born in 1743 and lived in Paris.
He named the elements carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen. Discovered hydrogen's role in combustion & respiration;
established that water is compound of oxygen & hydrogen. discovered that sulfur is an element -
John Dalton lived from 1766-1844 in England. He coined the name “Daltonism” for the condition of colorblindness in 1798
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Antoine did a lot of experiments that involved burning charcoal and diamonds. The results showed that the mass was the same before and after the reaction. This lead him to help construct the Law of Conservation of Mass in 1778
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Antoine Lavoisier named oxygen and found out it makes up 20% of air.
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came up with Dalton’s law of Partial Pressures which states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
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John Dalton coined the new atomic theory & was the first to prepare a table of atomic weights.
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Cheetham Hill, UK
near Manchester, UK -
-Planck is born in kiel, Germany
-he later studied studied at university of Berlin and earned his doctorate at Munich -
-Attended a "floating university" which is just a set of informal, underground classes which were held in secret.
-During WWI, she helped with championing the use of portable x-rays
-First woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize
-First person to win two Nobel Peace Prizes -
Grew up in Morrison Illinois, went to high school in Iowa and got his doctorate degree in Physics at Columbia University
Known for his measurement of the elementary electronic charge and for contributing on the photoelectric effect. -
Ernest Rutherford was born in New Zealand as the youngest of four.
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-born in Ulm, Germany
-Grew up in germany, and italy
-earned his diploma from Swiss polytechnic school in Zurich -
-Equilibrium states of isotropic bodies at different temperatures.
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Niels Henrik David Bohr is born is Copenhagen, Denmark on October 7, 1885.
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Erwin Schrodinger is born in Vienna, Austria on August 12, 1887.
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-Head of the British Mission attached to the Manhattan Project
-His hobbies include gardening and fishing
-WWI prisoner -
Lived in Dieppe, France
Made tremendous contributions to the Quantum Theory -
He used high voltage magnets to break up atom to smaller subatomic particles and discovered electrons.
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Marie Curie discovers 2 elements: polonium and radium. She discovers them by separating uranium from a pitchblende, realizing the residue was more radioactive than the uranium.
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When working with JJ Thomson in England, they confirmed the existence of alpha beta rays by experimenting with the magnetic properties of iron exposed to high frequency vibrations.
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Werner Karl Heisenberg is born in Würzburg, Germany, on December 5, 1901.
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Marie Curie wins her first Nobel Peace prize for her and her husband's discovery of radium and polonium
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He suggested a model of a sphere with positive charge and electron surrounding the sphere.
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-didnt actually publish theory until 1915
-foundation of atomic energy
-discovered E=mc² (energy equals mass times the velocity of light squared)
- Einstein's Most Famous Thought Experiment was "Chasing a Beam of Light" which he conducted at the age of 16 -
JJ Thomson won many awards within his career in physics, but his most famous is his Noble Prize for work in Physics
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One of the most famous works of Rutherford was his discovery and naming of the nucleus where the protons and neutrons lie.
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He found his information with his famous oil-drop experiment, which showed tiny charged droplets of oil between two horizontal metal electrodes. Ultimately, this measured elementrey electric charge, or in other words, the charge of the electron.
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Marie Curie wins her second Nobel Peace Prize by her further research into radium and its radioactivity.
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The first Solvay World Conference which had some of the greatest minds such as Albert Einstein, Max Planck, and Marie Curie
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James Chadwick goes to Germany where he later was sent to a prison camp due to World War I
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Planck was awarded with the noble prize in phsics due to his influential discoveries
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Erwin Schrödinger studies at the University of Zürich from 1921 to 1927.
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Niels Bohr wins the Noble Prize for Physics in 1922.
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He won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1923 for his work in experimental physics.
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In his PhD thesis he created the Brogile Hypothosis, which explained the wave nature of electrons and suggested that all matter has wave properties. This hypothosis formed the central part of the theory of quantum mechanics.
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Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen or Quantum-Theoretical Reinterpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations in english, was a paper that was written with the premise that theory should only be based on observable values.
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Erwin Schrödinger writes the basis of quantum wave mechanics.
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Niels Bohr presents his complementarity principle at a meeting in Como, Italy in 1927
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Erwin Schrödinger studies at the University of Berlin from 1927 to 1933.
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Über den anschulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik or On the Perceptual Content of Quantum Theoretical Kinematics and Mechanics in english is published talking about uncertainty or indeterminacy.
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He was the first major scientist that wanted a multi-national laboratory, which led to the creation of the European Organization for Nuclear Research
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James Chadwick discovers the neutron by using radiation to hit certain targets (such as helium or paraffin wax)
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Erwin Schrödinger share the Nobel Prize with Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac in 1933
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Erwin Schrödinger leaves Germany because he was Jewish and would not be able to live in a country where Hitler was coming to power.
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Heisenberg won the Peace Prize in 1932. However it was not awarded until November 1933.
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James Chadwick is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his discovery of the neutron which paves the way for other experiments.
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Rutherford passed away in his home on October 19, 1937 at the age of 66.
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He passed away in the same town he had lived in his whole life, Machester, at the age of 84.
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The Manhattan project was a top-secret United States government research project that did research on uranium to produce a weapon, leading up to the discovery and the dropping of the atomic bomb. Many famous scientist were working on it, such as James Chadwick.
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Niels Bohr escapes occupied Denmark in 1943. He escapes to England and receives a letter from James Chadwick asking him to join him for the development of the atomic bomb.
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Planck died at age of 89 in Gottingen, Germany
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CERN is founded on December 9, 1949 in Geneva, Switzerland.
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Niels Bohr writes the "Open World" letter to the UN in 1950. The letter proposes the sharing of the nuclear programs with the USSR so that a post-war nuclear arms race could be avoided. This resulted in Winston Churchill accusing Bohr as a traitor and a soviet spy.
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-Einstein was offered presidency by Isreali prime minister
-Albert turned down the offer because he was not inclined to manage a whole country and the citizens of it -
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Erwin Schrödinger dies on January 4, 1961 in Vienna, Austria.
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Niels Henrik David Bohr dies on November 18, 1962 in Copenhagen, Denmark
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Werner Karl Heisenberg dies on February 1, 1976 in Munich, Germany.
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-Planck is considered the "father of the Quantum theory after discovering that electromagnetic energy could be emitted only in quantized form
-light and other electromagnetic waves are emitted in discrete packets of energy that he called "quanta"
-discovered formula: E = hν (E=energy h= the planck constant v=frequency) -
