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The middle ages were called the dark ages because of the lack of improvement in that area.
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Alchemists in the Middle Ages were obsessed with turning one element to another, an example is that they tried turning lead into gold. .
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The 'Renaissance' is a french word meaning rebirth. This means that europe was rebirthed and escaped the dark ages. The renaissance started in Italy and spread to Europe. This happened becuase Europe started developing and improving in physics, chemistry, astronomy, mathamatics and geography.
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Phosphorus was discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brand
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Magnesium was discovered in 1755 by Joesph Black.
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Hydrogen was first recognized as a distinct element by Henry Cavendish in 1766.
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Oxygen was discovered in 1771 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele
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Nitrogen was discovered in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford
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Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele
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Beryllium was discovered in 1798 by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
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The discovery of radioactivity in the late 1800s made scientists realize that the nuclei of atoms did change. One element can change into another element in a nuclear reaction.
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Sodium was discovered in 1807 by Humphry Davy.
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Potassium was discovered in 1807 by Humphry Davy
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Boron was discovered in 1808 by Joesph Louis Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thenard.
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Calcium was discovered in 1808 by Humphry Davy
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Lithium was discovered in 1817 by Johan Arfwedson
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Silicon was discovered in 1824 by Jons Jacob Berzelius
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Aluminium was discovered in 1825 by Hans Christian Orsted
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Helium was discoverd in 1868 by Pierre .Janssen and J.N. Lockyer.
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Fluorine was discovered in 1886 by Henri Moissan
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Argon was discovered in 1894 by William Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh
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In 1897 J.J. Thopmson came up with atomic structure theory. His atomic theory identified that electrons inside an atom could show, meaning that atoms were not invisible. His atomic theory gives a complete explanation of the atomic structure. In this theory all parts of the atom were positive recharge.
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Neon was discovered in 1898 by William Ramsay and MorrisTravers
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In his famous experiment Earnest Rutherford shot alpha particles through a thin layer of gold foil. He found three things: Nearly all particles went through meaning that most of the atom was empty, Some electrons were bent out at wide angles meaning that the centre of the atom had a nucleus and finally some electrons bounced right back meaning that most of the atoms mass was at the nucleus.
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In 1913 Bohr proposed his theory about the shell model of the atom to explain how electrons can have stable orbits around the nucleus.
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Enrico Fermi was a pioneer in the search for new elements. In 1934 he suggested how it should be possible to make new elements, with atoms larger than the heaviest naturally occuring atoms of uranium (atomic number 92).
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Element 93 was produced in 1940. Also during that time other new elements were identified in the teribble aftermath of the nuclear bombs dropped on Japan at the end of the Second World War
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Scientists working in America used Enrico Fermi's ideas. They bombarded large atoms with neutrons, which transformed into protons in the nuclei of the target atoms. Before the end of 1955 the had made the elements 94 to 101.
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Both countries, Russia and American made elements 102 to 106. Arguments began about what names should be given to the new elements. Russians wanted russian names and Americans wanted American names. After many years of arguing and debating IUPAC finally named the elements in 1997.
