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Philosophers such as Democritus propose the concept of atoms as the fundamental building blocks of matter. -
Antoine Lavoisier's work on the conservation of mass and the identification of chemical elements lay the foundation for modern chemistry. -
John Dalton's atomic theory provides a systematic framework for understanding the composition of matter in terms of indivisible atoms. -
J.J. Thomson discovers the electron through his experiments with cathode rays, demonstrating that atoms are not indivisible but composed of subatomic particles -
Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity introduces the famous equation E=mc², revealing the equivalence of mass and energy and providing theoretical support for the existence of antimatter. -
Ernest Rutherford's experiment demonstrates that atoms have a small, dense nucleus, leading to the development of the nuclear model of the atom. -
Niels Bohr proposes a model of the atom where electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete energy levels, explaining atomic spectra and laying the groundwork for quantum mechanics. -
The development of quantum mechanics by scientists like Max Planck, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger provides a new framework for understanding the behavior of particles at the atomic level. -
Paul Dirac formulates the Dirac equation, a quantum mechanical wave equation that describes the behavior of relativistic electrons and predicts the existence of antimatter. -
James Chadwick discovers the neutron while working at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. This neutral subatomic particle, located in the nucleus alongside protons, provides stability to the nucleus and contributes to the understanding of atomic structure. -
Carl Anderson discovers the positron, the first known antiparticle, while studying cosmic rays in a cloud chamber experiment. -
Dirac postulates the existence of antiparticles, particles with the same mass but opposite charge to their corresponding particles.
1955: Emilio Segrè and Owen Chamberlain discover the antiproton at the University of California, Berkeley, further confirming the existence of antimatter. -
Physicists at the University of California, Berkeley, led by Emilio Segrè and Owen Chamberlain, discover the antiproton, the antimatter counterpart of the proton, using the Bevatron particle accelerator. -
The first antihydrogen atoms are produced at CERN, marking a significant milestone in antimatter research and opening the door to experimental studies of antimatter properties. -
The concept of CP symmetry is introduced, suggesting that the laws of physics are symmetric under the combined operations of charge conjugation (C) and parity transformation (P). -
Experiments such as ALPHA at CERN achieve precise measurements of antimatter properties, including its spectrum and gravitational behavior, to test fundamental symmetries. -
The ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC study antimatter and its interactions at unprecedented energies, searching for new physics beyond the Standard Model. -
Astrophysicists study cosmic rays and gamma-ray emissions to search for evidence of antimatter in cosmic phenomena, such as supernovae and black holes. -
Physicists at CERN's ALPHA experiment announce the first-ever production of antihelium-4, a nucleus consisting of two antiprotons and two antineutrons, marking a significant advancement in antimatter research. -
The ALPHA experiment at CERN achieves the first laser spectroscopy of antihydrogen, enabling precise comparisons with hydrogen to test for any differences in the behavior of matter and antimatter. -
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN confirms the existence of the Higgs boson, a fundamental particle responsible for giving mass to other particles, contributing to our understanding of the origin of mass and the fundamental forces of nature. -
The BASE experiment at CERN measures the magnetic moment of the antiproton with unprecedented precision, confirming the Standard Model predictions and providing insights into the nature of antimatter. -
The LHCb experiment at CERN observes CP violation in the decays of charm mesons, providing further evidence of matter-antimatter asymmetry and contributing to our understanding of fundamental particle interactions. -
The ALPHA-g experiment at CERN measures the gravitational interaction of antihydrogen with matter to unprecedented precision, testing the equivalence principle and searching for any deviations that could hint at new physics beyond the Standard Model. -
The GBAR experiment at CERN traps antihydrogen atoms for a record-breaking 1,000 seconds, allowing for more detailed studies of antimatter properties and interactions. -
Researchers at CERN's GBAR experiment achieve significant advancements in cooling antiprotons and antihydrogen atoms, enabling more precise measurements and studies of antimatter behavior. -
October 23, 2019: Google Al Quantum and collaborators announce that their quantum computer, Sycamore, performed a specific task in 200 seconds that would take the world's most powerful supercomputer 10,000 years to complete, -enchmark for quantum supremacy. This represents ↓ a significant step forward in quantum computing. -
Astrophysicists using data from space-based observatories, such as Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and AMS-02 on the International Space Station, continue the search for evidence of antimatter galaxies, probing the cosmic-ray spectrum for signatures of antimatter -
Scientists develop novel techniques for containing and manipulating antimatter, overcoming previous limitations and opening up new possibilities for practical applications in areas such as energy production and medical diagnostics -
Researchers investigate potential medical applications of antimatter, including its use in positron emission tomography (PET) scans for medical imaging and cancer treatment. Ongoing researches are happening