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... is appointed chancellor of Germany.
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...assembly, press, and freedom from invasion of privacy and from house search without warrant.
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...is inaugurated President of the United States.
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...is established in Nazi Germany at Dachau. The first prisoners are political opponents
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...of Jewish-owned businesses in Germany is carried out under Nazi leadership.
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...are barred from government service; Jewish civil servants, including University professors and school teachers, are fired from their positions.
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...against "overcrowding in German schools and universities" is adopted, restricting the number of Jewish children allowed to attend. Children of war veterans and those with one non-Jewish parent are initially exempted.
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...by Jews and opponents of Nazism are burned publicly.
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...are passed in Germany that permit the forced sterilization of Gypsies, the mentally and physically disabled, African-Germans, and others considered "inferior" or "unfit."
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...withdraws from the League of Nations.
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...it is officially taught that "non-Aryans" are racially inferior. Jewish children are prohibited from participating in "Aryan" sports clubs, school orchestras, and other extracurricular activities. Jewish children are banned from playgrounds, swimming pools, and parks in many German cities and towns.
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...declares himself president and chancellor of the Third Reich after the death of Paul von Hindenburg.
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...of arrests of homosexuals occurs throughout Germany, continuing into November.
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...is annexed by Germany.
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...violates the Versailles Treaty by renewing the compulsory military draft.
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...are banned from all civil service jobs and are arrested throughout Germany.
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...signs and notices are posted outside German towns and villages, and outside shops and restaurants.
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...are prohibited from serving in the German armed forces.
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...deprive German Jews of their citizenship.
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...are no longer permitted to practice in government institutions in Germany.
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...invades the Rhineland.
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...are arrested and deported to Dachau concentration camp.
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...take place in Berlin. Anti-Jewish signs (i.e., "Jews Not Welcome") are removed until the Games are completed.
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...prohibits teaching by "non-Aryans" in public schools and bans private instruction by Jewish teachers.
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...are imposed on the number of Jewish students attending German schools.
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...concentration camp opens.
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...can obtain passports for travel outside of Germany only in special cases.
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...passes a decree requiring the registration of all Gypsies without a fixed address living in Austria; by June 1938, all Gypsy children above the age of 14 have to be fingerprinted. This is a central part of the growing racial definition of Gypsies as "criminally asocial."
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...from thirty-two countries meet at Evian, France, to discuss refugee policies. Most of the countries refuse to let in more Jewish refugees.
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...announces Jews must carry identification cards.
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... is made by Herschel Grynszpan to assassinate a German diplomat in Paris.
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Nazi organized nation-wide pogroms result in the burning of hundreds of synagogues; the looting and destruction of many Jewish homes, schools, and community offices; vandalism; and the looting of 7,500 Jewish stores. Many Jews are beaten, and more than 90 are killed. Thirty-thousand Jewish men are arrested and imprisoned in concentration camps. Several thousand Jewish women are arrested and sent to local jails.
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...are ordered to pay one billion Reichsmarks in reparations for damages of Kristallinacht.
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...are expelled from German schools and can attend only separate Jewish schools.
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...ban Jews from public streets on certain days; Jews are forbidden drivers' licenses and car registrations.
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...must sell their businesses and real estate and hand over their securities and jewelry to the government at artificially low prices.
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...may no longer attend universities as teachers and/or students.
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...invades and occupies Czechoslovakia.
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...refuse to accept Jewish refugees aboard the ship S.S. St. Louis, which is forced to return to Europe.
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...above the age of 16 are arrested in Burgenland Province (formerly Austria) and sent to Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps; 1,000 Gypsy girls and women above the age of 15 are arrested and sent to the Ravensbruck concentration camp.
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...invades Poland and World War II begins.
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...are forced to turn in radios, cameras, and other electric objects to the police. Jews receive more restrictive ration coupons than other Germans. They do not receive coupons for meat, milk, etc. Jews also receive fewer and more limited clothing ration cards than do Germans.
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... extends powers to doctors to kill institutionalized mentally and physically disabled persons in the "euthanasia" program.
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...force Jews in Poland to wear a yellow Star of David on their chests or a blue-and-white Star of David armband.
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...invades and defeats Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and France.
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...are concentrated and imprisoned in the Lódz ghetto which is established and sealed off from the outside world.
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...is established at Auschwitz, Poland.
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...laws are passed by France's Vichy Government.
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...is closed off with approximately 500,000 inhabitants.
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...children are expelled from public schools.
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...army invades North Africa
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...army invades Yugoslavia and Greece.
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...passes law condemnng adult Jews to forced labor.
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...government revokes civil rights of French Jews in North Africa.
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...invades the Soviet Union. The Einsatzgruppen, mobile killing squads, begin the mass murders of Jews, Gypsies, and Communist leaders.
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...above the age of six are forced to wear a yellow Star of David sewed on the left side of their clothes with the word "Jude" printed in black.
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...and Polish prisoners are killed in Nazi test of gas chambers at Auschwitz in occupied Poland.
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...are murdered by mobile killing squads at Babi Yar, near Kiev in the Ukraine.
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...begins on Birkenau, an addition to the Auschwitz camp. Birkenau includes a killing center which begins operations in early 1942.
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...of German and Austrian Jews are deported to ghettos in eastern Europe.
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...are deported from labor and internment camps in Austria to the Lódz ghetto in Poland.
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...opens near Lódz, Poland and the first gassing of victims in mobile gas vans occurs.
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...from the Lódz ghetto are deported to the killing center at Chelmno where they are all killed in mobile gas vans.
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...located in occupied Poland at Auschwitz, Birkenau, Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec, and Majdanek-Lublin begins mass murder of Jews in gas chambers.
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...in the Lódz ghetto are deported to the killing center at Chelmno.
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...and government leaders meet at Wannsee, a section of Berlin, to discuss the "final solution to the Jewish question".
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...Jews, who had arrived in the Lódz ghetto some six months earlier from Germany, Luxembourg, Vienna, and Prague, are deported to Chelmno. Their baggage is confiscated before they board the train.
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-
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...and the Netherlands are required to wear identifying Stars of David.
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...in the Lódz ghetto are deported to Chelmno, mostly children under ten and individuals over sixty-five, but also others who are too weak or ill to work. By September 16, approximately fifty-five thousand Jews have been deported to the killing center at Chelmno.
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...in concentration camps in Germany are sent to death camp at Auschwitz.
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... for non-Jewish Polish youth is opened in Lódz.
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... in Germany and Nazi occupied countries, with few exceptions, are arrested and deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
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...in the Warsaw ghetto initiate resistance to deportation by the Germans to the death camps.
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...order all of the ghettos in Poland and the Soviet Union destroyed.
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...citizens smuggle most of the nation's Jews to neutral Sweden.
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-
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...is established by President Franklin Roosevelt.
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...begin deportation of Hungarian Jews. Over 430,000 Jews are sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau where most are gassed.
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...Jews are deported from the Lódz ghetto to Chelmno where they are killed.
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...fail and are caught in an attempt to assassinate Hitler.
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...at Auschwitz-Birkenau rebel and blow up one crematorium.
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...empty Auschwitz and start prisoners on "death marches" to Germany.
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...liberate survivors from the Buchenwald and Dachau concentration camps.
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...commits suicide in his bunker in Berlin rather than be caught by the advancing Soviet army.
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...from the United States liberate Mauthausen concentration camp.
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...and war in Europe is ended.
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...tribunal is converted at Nuremberg, Germany
